• Rapprochement between Sunnīs and Imāmīs during the Crusades 

      El-Shinqiti, Mohamed El-Moctar; الشنقيطي, محمد المختار ( جامعة قطر , 2018 , Article)
      The Imāmī Shī‘a of Syria stood along with the Sunnīs as one group against the Franks, rather than as followers of different religious traditions. This article traces the rapprochement between the Sunnī and the Imāmī Shī‘a ...
    • Zengi and the Muslim response to the crusades: The politics of Jihad 

      El-Azhari, Taef ( Taylor and Francis Inc. , 2016 , Book)
      Zengi gained his legacy as the precursor to Saladin. While Zengi captured Edessa, Saladin would capture Jerusalem, and both leaders fought to establish their own realms. However, Zengi cannot be fully understood without ...