College of Health Sciences
http://hdl.handle.net/10576/4824
2024-03-28T12:09:42ZThe Effect of Curcumin on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Post Traumatic Brain Injury- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
http://hdl.handle.net/10576/51631
The Effect of Curcumin on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Post Traumatic Brain Injury- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abu-Hijleh, Haya Mohammad
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) stands as a significant cause of mortality and impairment among young individuals. Its sophisticated pathophysiology intensifies this burden. Curcumin, a potent anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant agent, holds promise in enhancing brain function post-TBI. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigate curcumin's impact on oxidative stress and inflammation markers after TBI. Searches were conducted on several bibliographic databases. Studies involving curcumin in TBI subjects measuring oxidative stress and inflammation were included. StataSE 17 determined the overall pooled estimates, with heterogeneity assessed using I² statistics. Among 26 studies (2 human RCTs, 24 animal experiments), 16 were meta-analyzed. Combined analysis of antioxidant enzymes (Catalase, GPx, SOD) yielded an estimate of 1.98 (95% CI: 1.49, 2.47, p<0.001). Lipid peroxidation product MDA showed -1.57 (95% CI: -2.17, -0.97, p<0.001). TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-6 had an estimate of -4.30 (95% CI: -5.27, -3.33, P<0.001). BDNF analysis resulted in 0.27 (95% CI: 0.09, 0.45, p<0.001). This review and meta-analysis imply curcumin's potential in reducing post-TBI inflammation and oxidative stress. Interpretation should consider the limited human RCTs and the known limitations in the experimental studies and their methodological quality.
2024-01-01T00:00:00ZOmega-3 Supplementation in CABG Patients: Impact on ICU Stay, and Hospital Stay (A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis)
http://hdl.handle.net/10576/51630
Omega-3 Supplementation in CABG Patients: Impact on ICU Stay, and Hospital Stay (A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis)
Ouagueni, Asma
Background: Coronary artery bypass graft surgery is a major surgery that can lead to inflammation and complications, including increased length of ICU stay and length of hospitalization. Omega-3 PUFA has anti-inflammatory properties, and it has been hypothesized that it may reduce these complications in CABG patients.
Objectives: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of perioperative omega 3 PUFA supplementation on total ICU stay and total hospital stay in CABG patients.
Methods: Randomized controlled trials were included if they studied the effect of omega-3 PUFA supplementation (oral or intravenous) on ICU stay and length of hospitalization in CABG patients. Studies were searched for in Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, PsychINFO, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial databases along with hand searching of reference lists. The quality and risk of bias of the included studies were evaluated by two independent reviewers using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Meta-analysis was performed using fixed or random effect models according to the level of heterogeneity by mean difference with their 95% confidence intervals.
Results: Twelve studies were included in the qualitative analysis and 7 studies were included in meta-analysis. No statistical difference was observed between the omega 3 PUFA and control groups regarding ICU stay MD -0.25 (95% CI -0.68, 0.17). Omega-3 PUFA was associated with a significant reduction in days of hospital stay -0.58 (95% CI -1.13, -0.04). Subgroup analysis showed that only oral omega 3 PUFA supplementation resulted in a statistically significant reduction in length of hospitalization after subgroup analysis with MD -0.6 (95% CI -1.17, -0.04). Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that perioperative omega-3 PUFA supplementation may reduce the length of hospitalization in CABG patients, especially when administered orally. However, the findings should be interpreted cautiously due to the high level of heterogeneity and the presence of concerns regarding the internal quality and external validity of the included studies.
2024-01-01T00:00:00ZMachine Learning Prediction of Cancer from The Publicly Available Dataset
http://hdl.handle.net/10576/51526
Machine Learning Prediction of Cancer from The Publicly Available Dataset
Nasir, Halah Noor
Prostate cancer in the second most common cause of cancer in men around the world and in Qatar with a high incidence rate worldwide. This has resulted in an increased mortality rate, making prostate cancer a healthcare burden. Early detection of prostate cancer is crucial in reducing mortality; however, the current detection procedures are invasive with prostate cancer screening test not being easily accessible. This has led to the development of machine learning approaches in detection of cancer with aims to improve healthcare accuracy and patient outcomes. This study examines the efficacy of machine learning model in prediction of prostate cancer using publicly available healthcare dataset. It aims to determine the best classifier algorithm and to develop a standard operating procedure (SOP) that can be used in a machine learning model for prostate cancer prediction. Lastly, this study examines the main feature class based on machine learning model that can increase the risk of developing prostate cancer.
2024-01-01T00:00:00ZQuality Control and Regulatory Framework for Implementing Machine Learning in Clinical Diagnosis: The DNA Methylation Classifier in Pediatric Brain Tumors
http://hdl.handle.net/10576/51523
Quality Control and Regulatory Framework for Implementing Machine Learning in Clinical Diagnosis: The DNA Methylation Classifier in Pediatric Brain Tumors
Moosa, Esra Mohamed
Background:
Accurately diagnosing CNS tumors is essential but difficult, with a notable risk of errors. To enhance diagnostic precision, the WHO now combines molecular data with traditional methods. While AI and ML technologies show promise for improving medical diagnosis, integrating them into clinical practice is complex. This study aims to investigates and assesses the effectiveness of the DKFZ DNA methylation classifier for pediatric CNS tumors and explores the necessary requirements for its adoption in clinical settings.
Methods:
This retrospective study included all pediatric patients under 16 who were diagnosed with CNS cancer at Sidra Hospital in Qatar from January 2018 to April 2023, and it also included CNS cases from Turkey between 1996 and 2020. The samples undergo DNA extraction, DNA methylation profiling, and classification of each tumor using the MNP brain tumor classifier. The original histopathological assessments were then cross-checked with the classifications derived from DNA methylation. In cases of mismatched results, an expert neuropathologist re-examined the findings.
Findings:
Variations in array run quality were evident, particularly in the run dated 2023-03-13, which showed lower CpG counts and consequent classification scores. This highlighted the necessity of strict adherence to protocols to ensure consistency and accuracy of results. Importantly, methylation profiling significantly refined initial diagnoses in 73.3% of cases from Sidra, demonstrating the technique's value in informed treatment decision-making. Specifically, medulloblastoma diagnoses benefited from the classifier, showing that even with lower-quality DNA, the classifier could provide high match rates for the diagnosis.
Conclusion:
In summary, this study confirms that DNA methylation profiling can effectively support the diagnosis of CNS tumors in young patients and shows reliable performance in two cohort groups. This method is reliable, precise, and valuable for categorizing pediatric CNS tumors, especially for detailed subtyping of medulloblastomas. To effectively adopt the DNA methylation classifier in clinical settings, it's essential to maintain high-quality standards and rigorous procedures to achieve accurate classifications and high matching scores.
2024-01-01T00:00:00Z