Multiple window spectrogram and time-frequency distributions

Abstract

We extend the spectrum estimation method of Thomson (1982, 1990) to non-stationary signals by formulating a multiple window spectrogram. The traditional spectrogram can be represented as a member of Cohen's class of time-frequency distributions (TFDs) where the smoothing kernel is the Wigner distribution of the signal temporal window. We show the unusual shape of the Cohen's class smoothing kernels corresponding to the Thomson method multiple windows. These are a class of smoothing kernels not hitherto used in time-frequency (t-f) analysis. Examples of the multiple window spectrogram applied to a noisy dual linear FM test signal and to actual underwater acoustic data demonstrate the merit of the method.