Essential Role of Sperm-Specific PLC-Zeta in Egg Activation and Male Factor Infertility: An Update.
Author | Saleh, Alaaeldin |
Author | Kashir, Junaid |
Author | Thanassoulas, Angelos |
Author | Safieh-Garabedian, Bared |
Author | Lai, F Anthony |
Author | Nomikos, Michail |
Available date | 2020-06-22T10:35:42Z |
Publication Date | 2020-01-29 |
Publication Name | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
Identifier | http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.00028 |
Citation | Saleh A, Kashir J, Thanassoulas A, Safieh-Garabedian B, Lai FA and Nomikos M (2020) Essential Role of Sperm-Specific PLC-Zeta in Egg Activation and Male Factor Infertility: An Update. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 8:28. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00028 |
Abstract | Sperm-specific phospholipase C zeta (PLCζ) is widely considered to be the physiological stimulus responsible for generating calcium (Ca) oscillations that induce egg activation and early embryonic development during mammalian fertilization. In the mammalian testis, PLCζ expression is detected at spermiogenesis following elongated spermatid differentiation. Sperm-delivered PLCζ induces Ca release via the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP) signaling pathway. PLCζ is the smallest known mammalian PLC isoform identified to date, with the simplest domain organization. However, the distinctive biochemical properties of PLCζ compared with other PLC isoforms contribute to its unique potency in stimulating cytosolic Ca oscillations within mammalian eggs. Moreover, studies describing PLCζ "knockout" mouse phenotypes confirm the supreme importance of PLCζ at egg activation and monospermic fertilization in mice. Importantly, a number of clinical reports have highlighted the crucial importance of PLCζ in human fertilization by associating PLCζ deficiencies with certain forms of male factor infertility. Herein, we give an update on recent advances that have refined our understanding of how sperm PLCζ triggers Ca oscillations and egg activation in mammals, while also discussing the nature of a potential "alternative" sperm factor. We summarise PLCζ localization in mammalian sperm, and the direct links observed between defective PLCζ protein in sperm and documented cases of male infertility. Finally, we postulate how this sperm protein can be used as a potential diagnostic marker, and also as a powerful therapeutic agent for treatment of certain types of male infertility due to egg activation failure or even in more general cases of male subfertility. |
Sponsor | Qatar University student grant QUST-1-CMED-2020-3. Healthcare Research Fellowship Award (HF-14-16) made by Health and Care Research Wales (HCRW). National Science, Technology, and Innovation plan (NSTIP) project grant (15-MED4186-20) awarded by the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST). |
Language | en |
Publisher | Frontiers Media |
Subject | PLC zeta egg activation fertilization phospholipase C zeta sperm |
Type | Article Review |
Pagination | 28 |
Volume Number | 8 |
ESSN | 2296-634X |
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