Loading...
Global burden of adverse effects of medical treatment from 1990 to 2021: a Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Citations
Altmetric:
Video URL
Date
2026
Author
Jeong, Yi Deun, Park, Seoyoung, Jang, Wonwoo, Kim, Min Seo, Bhoomadevi, A., Aalipour, Mohammad Amin, Ab-Dalla, Mohammed Altigani, Abdoun, Meriem, Abdullahi, Auwal, Abdul-Rahman, Toufik, Abedi, Armita, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abouzid, Mohamed, Abtahi, Dariush, Abubakar, Bilyaminu, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Abuhelwa, Ahmad Y., Aburuz, Salahdein, Abushanab, Dina, Adams, Lisa C., Adedokun, Kamoru Ademola, Adegoke, Nurudeen A., Adeleke, Olumide Thomas, Adetunji, Juliana Bunmi, Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther, Adnan, Mohd, Adoma, Prince Owusu, Adzrago, David, Afolabi, Habeeb Abiodun, Afrăsânie, Vlad-Adrian, Afrashteh, Fatemeh, Afzal, Saira, Agyemang-Duah, Williams, Ahadi, Mahsa, Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmad, Danish, Ahmad, Muayyad M., Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmadi, Negar Sadat, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed, Ayman, Ahmed, Muktar Beshir, Ahmed, Sindew Mahmud, Ahmed, Syed Anees, Al-Ajlouni, Yazan, Alam, Mostafa, Al-Ashwal, Fahmi Y., Aldhaleei, Wafa A., Aleidi, Shereen M., Alfalki, Ali M., Al-Gammal, Abdelazeem M., Alhalaiqa, Fadwa Naji, Alhuwail, Dari, Ali, Abid, Ali, Bassam R., Ali, Liaqat, Ali, Mohammad Daud, Ali, Mohammed Usman, Ali, Rafat, Ali, Syed Shujait, Alipour, Morteza, Al-Jabi, Samah W., Aljo-Fan, Mohamad, Alkhawam, Mustafa, Allouh, Mohammed Z., Al-Marwani, Sabah, Almazan, Joseph Uy, Alqudimat, Mohammad R., Al-Qudi-mat, Ahmad Rajeh, Alrimawi, Intima, Alsabri, Mohammed A., Alshahrani, Najim Z., Altaf, Awais, Al-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed, Alyahya, Mohammad Sharif Ibrahim, Amin, Amr, Amindarolzarbi, Alireza, Amzat, Jimoh, An-Agnostakis, Filippos, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Adeyemi Anjorin, Abdul-Azeez, Anuoluwa, Iyadunni Adesola, Anvari, Saeid, Anwar, Saleha, Edward Anyasodor, Anayochuk-Wu, Arabloo, Jalal, Arafat, Mosab, de la Torre, Jorge Arias, Arjmand, Ghazal, Arockiaraj, Jesu, Artamonov, Anton A., Arumugam, Ashokan, Asdaq, Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin, Ashrafi, Mitra, Assefa, Dereje Zewdu, Atreya, Alok, Atta, Julie Alaere, Ayanore, Martin Amogre, Ayatollahi, Haleh, Azadnia, Arian, Azargoonjahromi, Ali, Azeez, Fahad Khan, Aziz, Sadat Abdulla, Azzam, Ahmed Y., Bagh-Sheikhi, Hediyeh, Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin, Banach, Maciej, Bansal, Hansi, Bante, Sim-Achew Animen, Bardhan, Mainak, Barrow, Amadou, Basharat, Zarrin, Bastan, Mohammad-Mahdi, Batiha, Abdul-Monim, Batra, Kavita, Bayat, Mahdis, Bayleyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew, Beeraka, Narasimha M., Bilgin, Gokce Belge, Berihun, Abiye Assefa, Bermudez, Amiel Nazer C., Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhala, Neeraj, Bhard-Waj, Nikha, Bhardwaj, Pankaj, Bhaskar, Sonu, Bhattacharjee, Priyadarshini, Bhatti, Ra-Jbir, Bievel-Radulescu, Raluca, Bilgin, Cem, Bizzozero-Peroni, Bruno, Bolourinejad, Paria, Boppana, Sri Harsha, Carvajal, Alejandro Botero, Bulamu, Norma B., Busch, Felix, Bustanji, Yasser, Cairns, Rose, Barsbay, Mehtap Çakmak, Càmera, Luis Alberto, Cao, Si, Capodici, Angelo, Carugno, Andrea, Carvalho, Andre F., Carvalho, Márcia, Castaldelli-Maia, Joao Mauricio, Cenderadewi, Muthia, Chacón-Usca-maita, Pamela Roxana, Chan, Jeffrey Shi Kai, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chau, Lam Duc, Chaudhuri, Sir-Shendu, Chen, An-Tian, Chen, Haowei, Chen, Qingsong, Chen, Xing, Ching, Patrick R., Cho, Daniel Youngwhan, Chong, Bryan, Chopra, Hitesh, Chopra, Shivani, Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chukwu, Isaac Sunday, Chung, Sunghyun, Columbus, Alyssa, Conde, Joao, Dadras, Omid, Dai, Xiaochen, Dalakoti, Mayank, Damiani, Giovanni, D'amico, Emanuele, Damtie, Endalamaw Tesfa, Dang, Anh Kim, Darcho, Samuel Demissie, Dardas, Latefa Ali, Dargan, Paul I., Dervišević, Emina, Devanbu, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan, Devara-Konda, Pradeep Kumar, Dhama, Kuldeep, Dhingra, Sameer, Di, Jingkai, da Silva, Diana Dias, Djalalinia, Shirin, Do, Huyen Phuc, Dohare, Sushil, Dolatkhah, Neda, D'oria, Mario, Dorostkar, Fariba, Doshi, Ojas Prakashbhai, Dowou, Robert Kokou, Dsouza, Viola Savy, Dumbullo, Aster Dure, Durais-Amy, Senbagam, Dutta, Sulagna, E'mar, Abdel Rahman, Ebraheim, Lamiaa Labieb Mahmoud, Sedeh, Ashkan Eighaei, Ekholuenetale, Michael, Elhadi, Muhammed, Elnaem, Mohamed Hassan, Eltaha, Chadi, Eltahawy, Abdelgawad Salah, Zeydi, Amir Emami, Ezenwankwo, Elochukwu, Fadavi-An, Heidar, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis, Fahim, Ayesha, Fareed, Mohammad, Farina, Sara, Fatehizadeh, Ali, Feizkhah, Alireza, Fekadu, Ginenus, Femoe, Ulrich Membe, Fernandez-Jimenez, Rodrigo, Ferrara, Pietro, Ferreira, Nuno, Fischer, Florian, Fogacci, Federica, Foroutan, Behzad, Fuku-Moto, Takeshi, Gadeka, Dominic Dormenyo, Gajdács, Márió, Gao, Dingwei, Gao, Xiang, Garcia-Azorin, David, Gautam, Rupesh K., Gebregergis, Miglas Welay, Ghadimi, Delaram J., Ghaffari, Kazem, Ghamkhar, Arin, Ghassemi, Fariba, Gholami, Zainab, Gil, Artyom Urievich, Girmay, Alem Abera, Golechha, Mahaveer, Goleij, Pouya, Golkar, Mohsen, Golmohammadi, Melika, Gomes, Nelson G. M., Grada, Ayman, Guan, Shi-Yang, Guarducci, Giovanni, Gunawardane, Damitha Asanga, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gutiérrez-Murillo, Roberth Steven, Guttoo, Parishma, Hadi, Najah R., Halder, Pri-Tam, Hameed, Sajid, Hamidi, Samer, Hansford, Harrison J., Hasan, Mohammad Jahid, Hasan, Syed Shahzad, Hasnain, Md Saquib, Hassan, Amr, Hassan, Muhammad, Hassan, Nageeb, Zadeh Tabatabaei, Mahgol Sadat Hassan, Havmoeller, Rasmus J., Hayat, Khezar, Hed-Na, Khedidja, Heidari, Mohammad, Heydari, Mojtaba, Hiraike, Yuta, Hos-Sain, Alamgir, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hoven, Hanno, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, Junjie, Huang, Xiaojie, Hushmandi, Kiavash, Hwang, Bing-Fang, Ile-Sanmi, Olayinka Stephen, Ilic, Irena M., Ilic, Milena D., Irham, Lalu Muhammad, Isa, Abubakar Musa, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah, Jahrami, Haitham, Jain, Anmol, Jain, Nityanand, Jaiswal, Vikash, Jakhmola-Mani, Ruchi, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo, Jamal, Armaan, James, Jerin, Javadi Mamaghani, Amir-Reza, Jayasinghe, Ruwan Duminda, Jebas-Ingh, Felix K., Jeong, Gwang Hun, Jeong, Seogsong, Mukesh Jeswani, Bijay Mukesh, Joseph, Nitin, Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma, Kakkar, Ashish Kumar, Kamath, Ashwin, Kamorudeen, Ramat T., Kanaan, Saddam Fuad, Kankam, Samuel Berchi, Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem, Kantar, Rami S., Kar, Sujita Kumar, Karkhah, Samad, Karobari, Mohmed Isaqali, Karpiński, Tomasz M. M., Kauppila, Joonas H., Keshwani, Ariz, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khaksar, Mohammad Ali, Khalid-Ariturk, Sumaira, Khan, Ajmal, Khan, Muhammad Mueed, Khan, Ramsha Mushtaq, Khan, Yusuf Saleem, Khan, Zahid, Khasbage, Sameer Uttamaro, Khatatbeh, Haitham, Khatatbeh, Moawi-Ah Mohammad, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kisa, Adnan, Kolahi, Ali-Asghar, Kompani, Farzad, Korzh, Oleksii, Koul-Mane Laxminarayana, Sindhura Lakshmi, Kretchy, Irene Akwo, Krishna, Varun, Bicer, Burcu Kucuk, Kuddus, Mohammed, Kulimbet, Mukhtar, Kusuma, Dian, Kytö, Ville, Laflamme, Lucie, Lasrado, Savita, Le, Duc Huy, Thu Le, Thao Thi, Ledda, Caterina, Lee, Seung Won, Lee, Wei-Chen, Leivadi-Tis, Vasileios, Li, Jing, Ligade, Virendra S., Lin, Liangquan, Liu, Xiaofeng, Liu, Xuefeng, Llanaj, Erand, Lopukhov, Platon D., Lubinda, Jailos, Lucchetti, Giancarlo, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Luo, Peng, Lytvyak, Ellina, Ma, Kevin Sheng-Kai, Madinezad, Seyed Ataollah, Madureira-Carvalho, Aurea Marilia, Mahalingam, Sasiku-Mar, Mahalleh, Mehrdad, Mahamed, Samatar Abshir, Mahmood, Nozad Hussein, Mahmoudi, Farhad, Maled, Venkatesh, Malik, Ahmad Azam, Mannethodi, Kamaruddeen, Manzoor, Shaista, Marzo, Roy Rillera, Marzouk, Sammer, Mathangasinghe, Yasith, Matozinhos, Fernanda Penido, Mattoo, Khurshid A., McPhail, Steven M., Mediratta, Rishi P., Mehta, Vini, Meles, Hadush Negash, Menezes, Ritesh G., Mentis, Alex-Ios-Fotios A., Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J., Me-Strovic, Tomislav, Mettananda, Chamila Dinushi Kukulege, Mettananda, Sachith, Mini, G.K., Mittal, Chaitanya, Modi, Natansh Deepak, Mogessie, Yidnek, Mohamed, Heba M., Mohamed, Hebatalla, Mohamed, Jama, Mohamed, Mona Gamal, Mohamed, Nouh Saad, Mohamed Ahmed, Khabab Abbasher Hussien, Mohammad, Taj, Mohammadian-Hafshe-jani, Abdollah, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohan, Syam, Mokdad, Ali H., Mol-Laei, Amirabbas, Moni, Mohammad Ali, Prakash Monteiro, Francis Nanda, Morgan, Anthony Kwame, Morsy, Mahmoud M., Mousavi, Seyed Ahmad, Mousavi Kiasary, Seyed Mohamad Sadegh, Yousefi, Kimia Mozahheb, Mubarik, Sumai-Ra, Mukherjee, Sumoni, Munkhsaikhan, Yanjinlkham, Mustafa, Ghulam, Mustapha, Mubarak Taiwo, Muthu, Sathish, Mu-Zaffar, Muhammad, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Naghibzadeh, Amirhossein, Naik, Ganesh R., Naik, Hiten, Nainu, Firzan, Nambi, Gopal, Nar-Gus, Shumaila, Nassar, Mahmoud, Natto, Zuhair S., Nawsherwan, N.A., Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Nazri-Panjaki, Athare, Negash, Abigia Ashenafi, Negoi, Ionut, Netsere, Henok Biresaw, Nguyen, Cuong Tat, Nguyen, Long, Nguyen, Nhien Ngoc Y., Nguyen, Trang, Nguyen, Van Thanh, Nikoo-Bar, Ali, Nri-Ezedi, Chisom Adaobi, Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet, Oancea, Bogdan, Odat, Ramez M., Ogundijo, Oluwaseun Adeolu, Ojedoyin, Olusegun Ola-Tunji, Okati-Aliabad, Hassan, Okeke, Sylvester Reuben, Olabisi, Olu-Waseyi Isaiah, Olagunju, Andrew T., Ol-Orukooba, Abdulhakeem Abayomi, Omage, Folorunsho Bright, Opitz, Marcel, Orscelik, Atakan, Osborne, Augustus, Othman, Elham H., Ouyahia, Amel, Owusu, Irene Amoakoh, Oyebola, Kolapo, Pakbaz, Yeganeh, Palicz, Tamás, Pan-Tazopoulos, Ioannis, Paolino, Giovanni, Pardhan, Shahina, Parida, Amrita, Pashaei, Ava, Passera, Roberto, Patel, Shiv, Patil, Shankargouda, Pawar, Shrikant, Pawar, Shubhadarshini, Toroudi, Hamidreza Pazoki, Peres, Mario F. P., Philip, Anil K., Piracha, Zahra Zahid, Pirera, Edoardo, Plot-Nikov, Evgenii, Polibin, Roman V., Ponkilainen, Ville T., Pourasghary, Sajjad, Pourghazi, Farzad, Poursadeqiyan, Mohsen, Pourshams, Akram, Qasim, Nameer Hashim, Qattea, Ibrahim, Qi, Xiang, Qi, Zhipeng, Qiu, Jia-Yong, Radhakrishnan, Venkatraman, Radojčić, Maja R., Raghav, Pankaja, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Fryad Majeed, Ur Rahman, Mohammad Hifz, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Raja, Adarsh, Ramadan, Mahmoud Mohammed, Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran, Ramazanu, Sheena, Rancic, Nemanja, Rathish, Devarajan, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Renzaho, Andre M. N., Rezaei, Mina, Re-Zaei, Nazila, Rezaeian, Mohsen, Riad, Abanoub, Rocha-Gomes, João Rocha, Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia, Roever, Leonardo, Khan Rony, Moustaq Karim, Rout, Himanshu Sekhar, Chandan, S.N., Saad, Aly M. A., Sabet, Cameron John, Saeed, Mohd, Saeed, Umar, Safari, Mehdi, Saki, Morteza, Salami, Afeez Abolarinwa, Saleem, Zikria, Saleh, Mohamed A., Salihu, Dauda, Samodra, Yoseph Leonardo, Samy, Abdallah M., Santric-Milicevic, Milena M., Saravanan, Aswini, Sarmadi, Mohammad, Sarode, Gargi Sachin, Sarode, Sachin C., Sathian, Brijesh, Narayanan, Mukesh Kumar Sathya, Satpathy, Maheswar, Sawhney, Monika, Schinckus, Christophe, Semreen, Mohammad H., Sengupta, Pallav, Senthilkumaran, Subramanian, Sethi, Yashendra, Seylani, Allen, Shah-Wan, Moyad Jamal, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shamim, Muhammad Aaqib, Shamsi, Anas, Shamsutdinova, Alfiya, Shan, Dan, Sharifan, Amin, Rad, Javad Sharifi, Shastry, Shamee, Shawahna, Ramzi, Sheikhi, Rahim Ali, Sherchan, Samendra P., Shetty, B. Suresh Kumar, Shetty, Pavanchand H., Shetty, Premalatha K., Shimul, Md Monir Hossain, Shitaye, Nebiyu Aniley, Shit-Tu, Aminu, Shool, Sina, Shrestha, Sunil, Siddig, Emmanuel Edwar, Siddi-Qua, Ayesha, Singh, Baljinder, Singh, Harmanjit, Singh, Puneetpal, Singh, Surjit, Skryabin, Valentin Yurievich, Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna, Sobia, Farrukh, Sokhal, Balamrit Singh, Sood, Prashant, Soraneh, Soroush, Spartalis, Michael, Srichawla, Bahadar S., Srinivasan, Manikandan, Srivastava, Devin Bailey, Stergachis, Andy, Subasi, Omer, Subra-Manian, Aravindkumar, Subramaniyan, Vetriselvan, Sundaram, Thanigaivel, Swain, Chandan Kumar, Szarpak, Lukasz, Tabatabaei, Fatemeh Sadat, Tabatabaei, Seyed Sha-Haboddin, Tabche, Celine, Tabish, Mohammad, Abkenar, Yasaman Taheri, Tariq, Saba, Oliaee, Razieh Tavakoli, Tavakoly, Rahele, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Tesfamariam, Wegen Beyene, They-Ra-enias, Hadiza, Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera, Tiruye, Tenaw Yimer, Tleshev, Madi, Tomo, Sojit, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Tran, An Thien, Tran, Tam Quoc Minh, Duc, Nguyen Tran Minh, Trico, Domenico, Tsermpini, Evangelia Eirini, Car, Lorainne Tudor, Udoakang, Aniefiok John, Ullah, Atta, Ullah, Himayat, Umar, Hauwa Onozasi, Umar, Lawan, Upadhyay, Era, Usman, Ji-Brin Sammani, Uzunçibuk, Hande, Vaithina-Than, Asokan Govindaraj, Vellingiri, Balachandar, Wang, Qingzhi, Wang, Wei, Wang, Yanzhong, Wei, Fei-Long, Wicaksana, Anggi Lukman, Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana, Wiebe, Samuel, Wojewodzic, Marcin W., Wu, Zenghong, Xiao, Lishun, Xie, Wanqing, Yadollahi, Mahnaz, Yang, Haibo, Yesodharan, Renju-Lal, Yin, Dehui, Yismaw, Malede Berihun, Yonemo-To, Naohiro, Yu, Chuanhua, Yuce, Deniz, Zanghì, Aurora, Zastrozhin, Michael, Zawiah, Mohammed, Zeariya, Mohammed G. M., Zensen, Sebastian, Zhan, Tiansong, Zhang, Xiaoyi, Zhao, Zhongyi, Zhong, Claire Chenwen, Zhumagaliuly, Abzal, Zyoud, Sa'ed H., Shin, Jae Il, Yon, Dong Keon, Smith, Lee
Files
Loading...
kjim-2025-278.pdf
Adobe PDF, 4.12 MB
Abstract
Background/Aims: This study aims to evaluate the global burden of adverse effects of medical treatment (AEMT) using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021. Methods: Data were extracted from the GBD 2021, covering 204 countries/territories from 1990 to 2021. AEMT was defined using ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes, encompassing complications from medical procedures, treatments, or healthcare exposures. Estimates were categorized into fatal and non-fatal outcomes and stratified by age, sex, year, and covariates, including the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Mortality-incidence ratios (MIRs), defined as the ratio of mortality calculated by dividing the number of deaths by the total incident cases, were analyzed. Results: In 2021, the global age-standardized 1.53 (1.29-1.68) per 100,000 population, respectively. DALY rates were highest in the early neonatal group (4,789.47 per 100,000 population [95% UI, 3,682.00-5,963.30]), while mortality rates followed a U-shaped pattern across age groups. In 2021, MIRs were highest at both ends of the age range: the early neonatal group (0.58 [95% UI, 0.55-0.58]) and the 95+ age group (0.05 [0.04-0.06]). This pattern was consistent across all SDI quintiles, with higher MIRs observed in lower SDI quintiles. Conclusions: The significantly higher prevalence and incidence rates of AEMT among the older population in high SDI quintiles, compared to lower SDI quintiles, could be attributed to the healthcare overutilization, highlighting the need for policy adjustments.