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Accelerating crop improvement through speed breeding
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2023
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Accelerating crop improvement through speed breeding.pdf
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Abstract
The progress of conventional plant breeding programs is restricted primarily due to the time and space limitations required for multiple evaluation phases. Biotechnological tools are among the major contributors to the recent advances in crop improvement. Plant breeders and seed companies have extensively studied and used these techniques to counteract climate changes and steady population increase and achieve global food security. This chapter discusses the fundamental principles and methodologies used in modern breeding programs. It also covers the technological progress in plant breeding from conventional to molecular breeding. The key limitations of these techniques have also been discussed to provide a complete understanding of the importance and difficulty of combining utilizing biotechnology tools and conventional for accelerating plant breeding, which strives to produce new crop varieties with desired traits. In order to advance the agronomic traits of crops such as yield, quality, and stress tolerance, strategies to accelerate breeding speed, genetic selection, mutagenic breeding, doubled haploid methods, inducer technology, and molecular markers are commonly used. Unlike traditional breeding methods, molecular marker-assisted breeding is a more robust tool for improving breeding efficacy and speed. It is not an alternative to traditional breeding but a valued supplement, resulting in a combined optimistic strategy for future crop improvement. Therefore, the application of modern breeding techniques such as speed and molecular markers in global crop breeding programs has significantly increased.