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Exploring debriefers’ experiences of cultural humility in simulation debriefing
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2026-05
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1-s2.0-S187613992600037X-main.pdf
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Abstract
BackgroundDebriefing, a reflective process in simulation-based learning, is deeply influenced by cultural dynamics. Many debriefers feel uncertain when navigating cultural aspects in debriefing sessions, especially with learners from diverse backgrounds. Cultural humility is increasingly recognized as a cornerstone of health professions education, yet its role in simulation debriefing in multicultural settings remains unexplored. This study explores the experiences of debriefers on cultural humility in the context of simulation debriefing. MethodTwelve experienced debriefers were recruited via purposive maximum variation sampling. Using an interview guide informed by Foronda’s Cultural Humility Scale, participants articulated their lived experiences with cultural humility. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using an inductive–deductive thematic approach. ResultsSix themes captured debriefers’ perspectives: (a) relevance of cultural humility in debriefing; (b) contexts for the necessity of cultural humility; (c) principles for effective debriefing in multicultural settings; (d) outcomes of integrating cultural humility; (e) challenges in application; and (f) enablers for integration. Participants emphasized that acknowledging learners’ diverse backgrounds enhances engagement, psychological safety, and reflective dialogue, while a lack of cultural humility risks bias, missed learning opportunities, and compromised outcomes. ConclusionThis study highlights cultural humility as a vital, yet often overlooked, dimension of simulation debriefing. Integrating cultural humility can foster safer, more inclusive, and learner-centered environments that prepare health professionals for practice in multicultural contexts. By identifying the contexts in which cultural humility matters, the principles that guide its enactment, and the challenges and enablers that shape its application, the findings provide a framework for embedding cultural humility into debriefing practice.