Membrane technology for brine management and valuable resource recovery
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Date
2023-12-31
Abstract
It is possible to extract rich resources from both seawater reverse osmosis brine and industrial brine in an environmentally friendly manner, which will benefit both the economy and the ecosystem. Making potable and nonpotable water from hypersaline brine helps keep supplies safe in a changing world. Nutrients, like nitrogen and phosphorus, are new revenue streams from wastewater treatment plants and source-separated urine. This chapter concentrates on reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, membrane distillation, membrane crystallization, and hybrid membrane technologies. Additionally, zero-liquid discharge, mineral recovery, and nutrient removal for fertigation applications have been discussed in detail.