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AuthorDing, Yeming
AuthorZeller, Bruno
Available date2018-09-10T09:21:04Z
Publication Date2017-07
Publication NameInternational Review of Law
Identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5339/irl.2017.13
CitationDing Y, Zeller B. The fraud exception in letters of credit – the Chinese approach, International Review of Law 2017:13.pp 1–13
ISSN2223-859X
URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10576/11041
AbstractIn 2005, the Supreme People’s Court (SPC) introduced new provisions relating to letter of credit (L/C) transactions in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). This paper will examine the effectiveness of the new provisions concerning the L/C fraud exception rules. The issue is whether the Chinese view of the fraud exception, which was introduced by the Uniform Customs and Practice Model Law for Documentary Credits (UCP), is effective and in line with accepted international views. To that end, this paper will explain the provisions and then employ a comparative approach. It will briefly compare Chinese fraud regulation with English and U.S. jurisprudence and measure effectiveness by noting the prevailing English and U.S. views. This analysis is timely because China is gaining momentum in its economic development; hence, the attitude of Chinese courts concerning the issue of trade financing with L/Cs is important. The conclusion is that, in general, Chinese regulations are in line with international jurisprudence, and therefore, the reforms are working overall. However, some gaps or questions give rise to uncertainty. This paper suggests that the gaps need to be resolved either by courts or through further regulation by the Supreme People’s Court.
Languageen
PublisherHamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press)
SubjectLetters of credit
UCP 600
Chinese Provisions of 2005
Fraud exception
TitleThe fraud exception in letters of credit – the Chinese approach
Alternative Titleاستثناء الاحتيال في خطابات الاعتماد - المنهجية الصينية
TypeArticle
Pagination1-13
Issue Number3
Volume Number2017
Alternative Abstractأدخلت المحكمة الشعبية العليا (SPC)في عام 2005 أحكامًا جديدة تتعلق بمعاملات خطابات الاعتماد (L/C) في جمهورية الصين الشعبية (PRC). ﺗﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ ﻣﺪﻯ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻝ ﻟﺨﻄﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ. ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻤﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻝ، ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺟﻲ ﻟﻸﻋﺮﺍﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻤﺎﺭﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﻟﻼﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺪﻳﺔ UCP، ﻓﻌّ ﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺗﺘﻤﺎﺷﻰ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻌﺘﺮﻑ ﺑﻬﺎ. ﻭﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘً ﺎ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳﺔ، ﺗﺴﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ،ﺛﻢ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻧﻬﺠً ﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧًﺎ. ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ ﻟﻮﺍﺋﺢ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺈﻳﺠﺎﺯ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﺓ، ﻭﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻔﻌّ ﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺮﺍﺽ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ. ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻦ ﺗﻜﺘﺴﺐ ﺯﺧﻤً ﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ؛ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ،ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺧﻄﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺃﻣﺮٌ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺍﻷﻫﻤﻴﺔ. ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻼﺻﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺋﺢ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﻮﺟﻪ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺗﺘﻤﺎﺷﻰ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻲ، ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ، ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻹﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ. ﺑﻴﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺜﻐﺮﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅﻻﺕ ﺗﺜﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻮﻙ. ﻭﺗﺸﻴﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻗﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺜﻐﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﻞ ﺇﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻤﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺍﺋﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ.
dc.accessType Open Access


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