Enhancing oil removal from water using ferric oxide nanoparticles doped carbon nanotubes adsorbents

Abstract

Oil contaminated water is one of the challenges in water resources management. It is crucial to remove the oil droplets from water in order to meet the discharge regulations set by the environmental authorities. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have generated a lot of attention as a new type of adsorbent due to their exceptionally high adsorption capacity for oil-water separation. The high hydrophobicity of CNTs makes them good candidates to enhance the de-oiling process from wastewater. In this study, we have reported the synthesis and evaluation of novel iron-oxide/CNTs nanocomposites for oil-water separation. The CNTs were doped with different loadings of iron oxide nanoparticles using a wet impregnation technique. The synthesized nanocomposite nanomaterials were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) technique, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effect of adsorption parameters, including, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and agitation speed on the oil removal efficiency were optimized using batch experiments. The sorption capacities of doped CNTs were found to be greater than 7 g/g for gasoline oil. The doped CNTs reached maximum sorption capacity after only 15 min providing one of the fastest minimum contact times reported of all oil sorbent materials. The loading of Fe2O3 nanoparticles on the negative surface of CNT decreases the negative sign and magnitude of the zeta potential by overcoming the repulsive effects of the electrical double layers to allow the finely sized oil droplets to form larger droplets through coalescence. Therefore increasing percentage of the Fe2O3 on the surface of CNT increased the removal of the emulsified oil from the water. 2016 Elsevier B.V.