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    Global maps of soil temperature

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    Global Change Biology - 2022 - Lembrechts - Global maps of soil temperature.pdf (6.741Mb)
    Date
    2022-05-01
    Author
    Lembrechts, Jonas J.
    van den Hoogen, Johan
    Aalto, Juha
    Ashcroft, Michael B.
    De Frenne, Pieter
    Kemppinen, Julia
    Kopecký, Martin
    Luoto, Miska
    Maclean, Ilya M.D.
    Crowther, Thomas W.
    Bailey, Joseph J.
    Haesen, Stef
    Klinges, David H.
    Niittynen, Pekka
    Scheffers, Brett R.
    Van Meerbeek, Koenraad
    Aartsma, Peter
    Abdalaze, Otar
    Abedi, Mehdi
    Aerts, Rien
    Ahmadian, Negar
    Ahrends, Antje
    Alatalo, Juha M.
    Alexander, Jake M.
    Allonsius, Camille Nina
    Altman, Jan
    Ammann, Christof
    Andres, Christian
    Andrews, Christopher
    Ardö, Jonas
    Arriga, Nicola
    Arzac, Alberto
    Aschero, Valeria
    Assis, Rafael L.
    Assmann, Jakob Johann
    Bader, Maaike Y.
    Bahalkeh, Khadijeh
    Barančok, Peter
    Barrio, Isabel C.
    Barros, Agustina
    Barthel, Matti
    Basham, Edmund W.
    Bauters, Marijn
    Bazzichetto, Manuele
    Marchesini, Luca Belelli
    Bell, Michael C.
    Benavides, Juan C.
    Benito Alonso, José Luis
    Berauer, Bernd J.
    Bjerke, Jarle W.
    Björk, Robert G.
    Björkman, Mats P.
    Björnsdóttir, Katrin
    Blonder, Benjamin
    Boeckx, Pascal
    Boike, Julia
    Bokhorst, Stef
    Brum, Bárbara N.S.
    Brůna, Josef
    Buchmann, Nina
    Buysse, Pauline
    Camargo, José Luís
    Campoe, Otávio C.
    Candan, Onur
    Canessa, Rafaella
    Cannone, Nicoletta
    Carbognani, Michele
    Carnicer, Jofre
    Casanova-Katny, Angélica
    Cesarz, Simone
    Chojnicki, Bogdan
    Choler, Philippe
    Chown, Steven L.
    Cifuentes, Edgar F.
    Čiliak, Marek
    Contador, Tamara
    Convey, Peter
    Cooper, Elisabeth J.
    Cremonese, Edoardo
    Curasi, Salvatore R.
    Curtis, Robin
    Cutini, Maurizio
    Dahlberg, C. Johan
    Daskalova, Gergana N.
    de Pablo, Miguel Angel
    Della Chiesa, Stefano
    Dengler, Jürgen
    Deronde, Bart
    Descombes, Patrice
    Di Cecco, Valter
    Di Musciano, Michele
    Dick, Jan
    Dimarco, Romina D.
    Dolezal, Jiri
    Dorrepaal, Ellen
    Dušek, Jiří
    Eisenhauer, Nico
    Eklundh, Lars
    Erickson, Todd E.
    Erschbamer, Brigitta
    ...show more authors ...show less authors
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    Abstract
    Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (−0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.
    URI
    https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85123931737&origin=inward
    DOI/handle
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16060
    http://hdl.handle.net/10576/30034
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    • Earth Science Cluster [‎216‎ items ]

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