Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using polyaniline-based silver-doped zinc sulfide (PANI-Ag/ZnS) composites
Author | Mazhar, Sidra |
Author | Qazi, Umair Yaqub |
Author | Nadeem, Nimra |
Author | Zahid, Muhammad |
Author | Jalil, Abdul |
Author | Khan, Fareeda |
Author | Ul-Hasan, Iftikhar |
Author | Shahid, Imran |
Available date | 2022-09-07T07:34:17Z |
Publication Date | 2022-02-01 |
Publication Name | Environmental Science and Pollution Research |
Identifier | http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16181-7 |
Citation | Mazhar, ., Qazi, U.Y., Nadeem, N. et al. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using polyaniline-based silver-doped zinc sulfide (PANI-Ag/ZnS) composites. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 9203–9217 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16181-7 |
ISSN | 09441344 |
Abstract | This study set out to determine the photocatalytic degradation potential of polyaniline-based silver-doped zinc sulfide composite (PANI-Ag/ZnS) for effective degradation of methylene blue. The heterogeneous photocatalytic experiments were carried out by irradiating aqueous dye solutions with ultraviolet light (UV-254 nm). The catalysts (ZnS, Ag/ZnS, PANI-ZnS, and PANI-Ag/ZnS) were prepared successfully and characterized by Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX). Combined with density functional theory calculations, a set of calculations has been performed for optimization, computation, and accuracy of the structure. After the optimization, the equilibrium lattice were a=b= (0.54447 nm), in good agreement with experimental results (a=b=c=0.54093 nm). Fermi energy levels Ef, indicating Ag-doped in ZnS as the impurity acceptor and for better visible–light photo-catalysis, narrow bandgap, and acceptor states are beneficial. The optimization of effective parameters like pH, catalyst dose, oxidant dose, dye concentration, and reaction time was carried out. The best degradation efficiency (> 95%) of PANI-Ag/ZnS composite against methylene was achieved within 60 min of reaction time under optimized conditions. The optimized conditions were recoded as follows: pH = 7, catalysts dose = 30 mg/L, oxidant dose = 3 mM, and irradiation time = 60 min under UV-254 nm for all catalysts. The central composite design (CCD) under the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was chosen as a statistical tool to obtain the correlation of influential parameters. Five successive reusability trials were carried out to check the stability of catalysts. |
Sponsor | Funding from Deanship of Scientific Research, University of Hafr Al Batin under research group project No. G-122-2020, was used to conduct experimental and characterization studies in this paper. |
Language | en |
Publisher | Springer |
Subject | Density functional theory (DFT) Heterogeneous photocatalysis Polyaniline Response surface methodology Silver doping Wastewater treatment |
Type | Article |
Issue Number | 6 |
Volume Number | 29 |
ESSN | 1614-7499 |
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