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AuthorHassan, Hussein F.
AuthorBou Ghanem, Haneen
AuthorAbi Kharma, Joelle
AuthorAbiad, Mohamad G.
AuthorElaridi, Jomana
AuthorBassil, Maya
Available date2023-01-22T04:54:46Z
Publication Date2023-01-01
Publication NameInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010821
CitationHassan, H.F.; Bou Ghanem, H.; Abi Kharma, J.; Abiad, M.G.; Elaridi, J.; Bassil, M. Perfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in Human Milk: First Survey from Lebanon. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2023, 20, 821. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010821
ISSN16617827
URIhttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85145972729&origin=inward
URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10576/38651
AbstractHuman milk is the primary source of nutrition for infants in their first year of life. Its potential contamination with perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), a group of toxic man-made chemicals, is a health concern that may threatens infants’ health. Our study aims to assess the levels of PFOA and PFOS in the breast milk of Lebanese lactating mothers and the maternal factors associated with their presence. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a Micromass Quattro micro API triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was used to detect the level of contamination in 57 collected human milk samples. PFOA and PFOS were present in 82.5% and 85.7% of the samples, respectively, while PFOA levels ranged between 120 and 247 pg/mL with a median of 147 pg/mL, and those of PFOS ranged between 12 and 86 pg/mL with a median of 27.5 pg/mL. The median contamination for PFOA exceeded the threshold set by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (60 pg/mL); however, that of PFOS was below the threshold (73 pg/mL). The consumption of bread, pasta, meat, and chicken more than twice per week and that of white tubers and roots at least once per week was significantly associated with higher levels of PFOA (p < 0.05). No significant association was found between maternal age, BMI, parity, level of education, place of residence, source of water used, and smoking with the levels of PFOA and PFOS in the human milk. Additionally, the consumption of cereals at least twice per week was significantly associated with higher levels of PFOS. These findings call for actions to improve the local environmental and agricultural practices, and the regulations and standards for inspecting imported food. It is important to highlight that the benefits of breastfeeding outweigh the reported contamination with PFOS and PFOA in our study.
Languageen
PublisherMDPI
Subjectdiet
human milk
PFOA
PFOS
TitlePerfluorooctanoic Acid and Perfluorooctane Sulfonate in Human Milk: First Survey from Lebanon
TypeArticle
Issue Number1
Volume Number20
ESSN1660-4601
dc.accessType Open Access


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