Mercury is one of the most detrimental by-products of industrial activities, such as mining and fossil fuel combustion. What differentiates this contaminant from other pollutants is its bioaccumulation and rapid distribution ...

In order to reduce membrane fouling propensity, membrane technologies in water treatment and desalination processes have been coupled with coagulation process. However, the fouling issues still persisted. It is believed ...

Produced water (PW) generated from oil exploration requires rigorous removal of suspended matter (free oil and particulate solids) as tertiary treatment (downstream of hydrocyclone and gas flotation) if it is to be re-injected ...