Antiscalants have been used to inhibit the formation of scales and reduce the risk of membrane scaling. However, issues such as the increased of biofouling tendency and contradictory observations of organic fouling propensity ...

The scarcity of water, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of the world is exerting great pressure on resources and establishing more need to provide good quality water for human and other consumptions. Water ...

Surfactant and polymer flooding technology can greatly enhance the oil recovery through the expansion of sweeping and displacing efficiency. The recovered oil from surfactant and polymer flooding emulsifies the residual ...

Produced water refers to the water that is generated when oil and gas are extracted from the ground, and it usually includes the natural water layer within the reservoir (formation water) as well as the injected water. The ...

The presence of high concentrations of toxic heavy metals such as lead Pb(II) in water is a major hazard to human health and may have a detrimental effect on the aquatic life and the environment. Implementing an efficient ...

Industrial wastewater often contains different complex impurities that are hazardous to the environment and human health, making wastewater treatment a necessity prior to its disposal. This review focuses on cell immobilization ...

Separation of clay minerals from industrial wastewaters is of great academic and practical importance. Current treatment techniques are either not economically viable, not environmentally friendly, or both. Thus, researchers ...

Mercury is one of the most detrimental by-products of industrial activities, such as mining and fossil fuel combustion. What differentiates this contaminant from other pollutants is its bioaccumulation and rapid distribution ...

In order to reduce membrane fouling propensity, membrane technologies in water treatment and desalination processes have been coupled with coagulation process. However, the fouling issues still persisted. It is believed ...

Produced water (PW) generated from oil exploration requires rigorous removal of suspended matter (free oil and particulate solids) as tertiary treatment (downstream of hydrocyclone and gas flotation) if it is to be re-injected ...