Produced water, deriving from petroleum industry as a result of oil production, constitutes of high concentration of pollutants, such as dissolved nitrogen, phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon, heavy metals and monocyclic ...

Airborne fungi are considered to cause adverse health impacts on humans, animals and plants. Fungal spores and due to their volume in the atmosphere and small size have an important contribution to the respiratory dysfunctions, ...

The formation produced water from natural gas production process in the North field offshore considered largest volume of waste water in Qatar, which could be considered a potential benefits source for the industry as well ...

Qatar needs to achieve water and food security in an arid climate and maintain its fossil-fuel energy exporting status. Treated wastewater (TWW) can be an alternative source for vegetable crops irrigation in Qatar; however, ...