Sludge generation as an organic by-product of wastewater treatment has seen a consistent increase worldwide due to population growth and industrial activities. This poses a chronic challenge regarding management options ...

In the context of climate change leading to water scarcity for many people in the world, the treatment of municipal wastewater becomes a necessity. However, the reuse of this water requires secondary and tertiary treatment ...

Abiotic and biotic stresses such as salt stress and fungal infections significantly affect plant growth and productivity, leading to reduced crop yield. Traditional methods of managing stress factors, such as developing ...