Data Privacy and Protection in Qatar: Analyzing Smart Grids and IoT Through a Comparative Law Approach

Abstract

In this paper, we provide an in-depth examination of the legislative challenges related to data usage in AI and other technological tools within Qatar, focusing specifically on privacy and liability while excluding ethical concerns. Privacy is identified as the primary risk in data collection and utilization within AI, smart grids, and IoT. The paper evaluates Qatar’s legal measures for alignment with international privacy standards, particularly the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation, and examines the application of liability to data controllers and technology deployers. To assess the sustainability impacts of extensive data collection and user profiling within Qatar’s smart grids, this study compares Qatar’s legal frameworks with those of the EU and US, highlighting significant gaps in privacy protections. Based on this analysis, it proposes enhancements such as consent management, data anonymization, and comprehensive consumer rights protections, stressing the urgent need for legislation that supports sustainable energy practices while upholding data privacy. These measures are essential for developing a secure, sustainable energy infrastructure in alignment with Qatar’s National Vision 2030. As the challenges of privacy in smart grids parallel those found in IoT, this study further examines Qatar’s legalizations relating to IoT data protection, particularly the privacy challenges posed by interconnected devices. Comparative analysis reveals substantial privacy protection gaps that require immediate action. Implementing up-to-date enforceable data protection laws modeled after GDPR standards would increase user trust and engagement, thereby advancing Qatar’s sustainable development goals and promoting innovation in sustainable technologies through responsible data management. Using a doctrinal and comparative law approach, this study systematically evaluates the legal regimes in Qatar, the US, and the EU to identify regulatory deficiencies and recommend necessary advancements. By leveraging GDPR as a model, this research highlights how adopting best practices from global privacy standards can strengthen Qatar’s regulatory environment, set a regional precedent for data governance, and support sustainable innovation in technology. The anticipated legislative changes will not only enhance consumer confidence but also significantly impact the technology landscape in Qatar and the broader Middle East, positioning the region as a leader in responsible data governance.