Effect of surfactants on the convective heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of ZnO/DIW nanofluids: An experimental study
| Author | Qamar, Adnan |
| Author | Shaukat, Rabia |
| Author | Imran, Shahid |
| Author | Farooq, Muhammad |
| Author | Amjad, Muhammad |
| Author | Anwar, Zahid |
| Author | Ali, Hassan |
| Author | Farhan, Muhammad |
| Author | Mujtaba, M.A. |
| Author | Korakianitis, Theodosios |
| Author | Kalam, M.A. |
| Author | Almomani, Fares |
| Available date | 2025-06-24T10:33:44Z |
| Publication Date | 2023-02-28 |
| Publication Name | Case Studies in Thermal Engineering |
| Identifier | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2023.102716 |
| Citation | Albatrni, H., Abou Elezz, A., Elkhatat, A., Qiblawey, H., & Almomani, F. (2024). A green route to the synthesis of highly porous activated carbon from walnut shells for mercury removal. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 58, 104802. |
| ISSN | 2214157X |
| Abstract | The advancement of nanotechnology has demonstrated the ability of metal-oxide-based nanofluids (NFs) to produce high heat flux in microscale thermal applications. Convective heat transfer (HTC) and flow characteristics (pressure drop (ΔP) and friction factor (f)) of aqueous ZnO NFs' within a circular mini tube (Di = 1.0 mm, L = 330 mm) were analyzed. Experiments were carried out under steady-state and varying flow rates using 0.012–0.048 wt % of NFs and sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) and acetylacetone (ACAC) as surfactants (SFs). Laminar flow and constant wall heat flux conditions were used to assess NFs heat transfer properties, ΔP and f. The viscosity (VC) and thermal conductivity (TC) of NFs exhibited a strong dependence on the operating temperature and NFs concentration. VC and TC increased by increasing the NFs concentration and decreased by increasing the operating temperature. Maximum VC and TC enhancement of 16.75% and 23.70% were achieved for SHMP-stabilised NFs, respectively. The average HTC increased by increasing NFs loading and flow rate, with HTCmax of 17.0% noticed for ACAC-stabilised NFs. The ΔPmax and fmax were 16.0% and 12.0%, respectively. Experimental and theoretical results showed a maximum deviation of ±7.0% and ±4.0%, respectively. |
| Sponsor | The authors of the present investigation would like to pay their sincere gratitude to the University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Lahore, Pakistan, for providing funding and access to the scientific instruments for the execution of the present research investigation under Research Grant No. ORIC/105-ASRB/3084, ORIC/101-ASRB/4452 and ORIC/101-ASRB/4453. Open Access funding provided by the Qatar National Library. |
| Language | en |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Subject | Friction factor Pressure drop Heat transfer coefficient Mini tube Nanofluids Nanoparticles Reynolds number Dispersion stability Stabilising agents |
| Type | Article |
| Volume Number | 42 |
| Open Access user License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
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