FUNCTIONAL THIN FILMS COATINGS FOR ENHANCING SOLAR CELLS EFFICIENCY IN DESERT CLIMATES

Abstract

Dust accumulation on photovoltaic (PV) modules in desert climates reduces light transmittance and power output, limiting long-term efficiency. This study investigates hydrophilic coatings, including RF-sputtered and spin-coated SiO2 layers, to mitigate soiling on PV glass surfaces. The coatings were evaluated under real outdoor conditions and compared to commercial coatings and uncoated (UNC) glass. Transmittance loss and dust accumulation were assessed using UV-VIS spectrophotometry and light microscopy. Results revealed a steady decline in transmittance due to dust deposition, which exhibited seasonal variability. UNC glass and SC15 experienced the highest transmittance loss and dust coverage, while the commercial ASC coating demonstrated the best performance, followed by RF-sputtered and spin-coated samples. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis showed that surface roughness influences wettability, impacting dust adhesion. The study highlights the challenges of maintaining optical performance in Qatar's extreme climate, emphasizing the need for location-specific anti-soiling solutions to enhance PV efficiency.