Leveraging Industry 4.0 for Decent Work and Economic Growth in the Food Sector: Aligning with SDG 8

Abstract

The agriculture and food sector remains a cornerstone of global economic growth, employing a significant portion of the world’s population, particularly in developing countries. However, the sector is often characterized by informal employment, low wages, poor working conditions, and limited opportunities for value addition—factors that hinder the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 8 (SDG 8), which seeks to promote sustained, inclusive, and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment, and decent work for all. This chapter explores how the integration of Industry 4.0 technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI)Artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, and automation, can reshape the food sector to create decent work opportunities and foster circular economic growth. By leveraging these digital innovations, the food sector can enhance productivity, improve labor conditions, and enable the transition from linear to circular economic models. Precision agriculture tools (e.g., GPS-based equipment and IoT-enabled sensors) can reduce labor-intensive tasks and increase safety, while blockchain applications improve supply chain transparency and fair labor practices. Additionally, the circular economy paradigm—supported by digital tools—offers pathways for resource efficiency, waste reduction, and the creation of new green jobs. The chapter presents global and regional case studies that demonstrate best practices in applying Industry 4.0 to enhance livelihoods, particularly for marginalized groups such as women and youth. It concludes by offering policy recommendations for governments, private stakeholders, and development organizations to support equitable technological adoption, protect workers’ rights, and drive sustainable economic growth within the agri-food sector. Ultimately, harnessing digital transformation is vital for achieving SDG 8 and building resilient, inclusive food systems.