Vehicle Inspection Policy and Emission Analysis in Kuwait

Abstract

"Technical vehicle inspection centers are widespread in Kuwait. All vehicles should pass the test every two years if not older than six years or every one-year for other vehicles. This study provided an insight into the data collected from test centers and the emission test utilized in Kuwait. Data were collected from tests centers in the six governorates. 196 vehicles were tested but only 152 vehicles were utilized for CO emission violation and 157 vehicles for HC emission violation. European standards were selected as limits for emission violation. Independent variables included place of vehicle manufacture, vehicle’s age, and odometer reading. A multinomial logit model was used to identify the significant predictors and to determine the correlation between dependent and independent variables. ANN was employed to compare prediction estimates of neural network and multinomial logit. The findings showed that the place of vehicle’s manufacture, vehicle’s age, and odometer reading were significant regarding violating emission standards of CO. Asian vehicles, vehicles with more than 150,000 km mileage, and vehicles older than 15 years had a higher probability of failing CO test as compared to place of manufacture. In contrast, the odometer reading was the only significant indicator for vehicles that have failed HC test especially those with 150,000 km odometer reading."