This chapter aims to explore the reality of using online assessment systems during COVID-19 and critically reviews the existing models based on testing standards and the authors’ experience. These can help educators and ...

As we witness the pandemic of COVID-19, we are also observing a rising trend that is becoming a scholarly pandemic. It is the pandemic of overstating the current moment of COVID-19 as a cause of global transformations. It ...

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that originated in China in December 2019 has become a global public health emergency and has had a major impact on physical activity behaviors globally. ...

Coronavirus drastically changes people's travel behavior all over the world. This study aims to investigate the effect of people's adaptive travel behavior on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission in south Asian countries. We ...

Like it happened after the Arab Uprisings in 2011, a development originated outside the GCC region-the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic-directly affected all its members and required a quick reaction from the authorities. ...

The outbreak of the Covid-19 epidemic and the resulting economic downturn have undermined the already weakened position of the global oil and gas industry. Since the transportation sector depends on 60 percent of energy ...

The negative impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the hydrocarbon producers of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is raising serious questions about the need to change the focus of Gulf energy security from the necessity ...

In the early 1970s, oil prices skyrocketed and the resource-rich Gulf states pursued infrastructural development. This created a massive labor demand in the construction, infrastructure, and oil sectors. Foreign labor ...

During 2019-2020, neither the outbreak of coronavirus nor growing domestic issues were able to prevent the US and Iran from continuing their confrontation. While being nothing of a new, these tensions unintentionally ...

For countries that depend on nonrenewable resources such as oil and gas, economic diversification is vital to ensure sustainable and resilient economic development. In July 2008, the government of Qatar launched the long-term ...