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AuthorHamza A.
AuthorHussein I.A.
AuthorJalab R.
AuthorSaad M.
AuthorMahmoud M.
Available date2022-04-25T10:59:42Z
Publication Date2021
Publication NameEnergy and Fuels
ResourceScopus
Identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c02177
URIhttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85114874155&doi=10.1021%2facs.energyfuels.1c02177&partnerID=40&md5=48571e4ec977418d4e8061261b0a06dd
URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10576/30372
AbstractIron sulfide scale is one of the main types of inorganic scales that block oil and gas wells. Iron sulfide has polymorph crystallinity structures, which complicate its dissolving and inhibition. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is used conventionally to remove iron sulfide scale; however, toxic hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is released. Consequently, tubular corrosion and formation damage are accelerated. This review highlights the major role of understanding iron sulfide chemistry in developing chemicals for removing or inhibiting the different iron sulfide polymorphs. Furthermore, the physical features of iron sulfide types and the optimum conditions for their formation in terms of depth, temperature, pressure, and well types are explored. The article also emphasizes the mechanisms and introduces the new green formulations used to dissolve and inhibit iron sulfide. Moreover, recent theoretical work on molecular simulation efforts proved to be significant in identifying potential dissolvers and inhibitors and insightful on the reaction mechanisms. Furthermore, the field practice in removing this type of scale is illustrated with field case studies to present the obstacles facing the efficient implementation of the lab-scale techniques. Finally, the environmental impact and economic assessment are reviewed to identify the most efficient chemicals.
SponsorThe authors acknowledge the support of the Qatar National Research Fund under the grant NPRP 9-084-2-041. The authors would also like to acknowledge support from Qatar University Grant # QUCP-CENG-3. The findings made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors.
Languageen
PublisherAmerican Chemical Society
SubjectChlorine compounds
Corrosion
Crystallinity
Desulfurization
Environmental impact
Hydrochloric acid
Natural gas wells
Sulfide minerals
Sulfur compounds
Economic assessments
Efficient implementation
Green formulation
Iron sulfide scale
Molecular simulations
Optimum conditions
Physical features
Reaction mechanism
Hydrogen sulfide
TitleReview of Iron Sulfide Scale Removal and Inhibition in Oil and Gas Wells: Current Status and Perspectives
TypeArticle Review
Pagination14401-14421
Issue Number18
Volume Number35
dc.accessType Abstract Only


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