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AuthorAseel S.
AuthorAl-Yafei H.
AuthorKucukvar M.
AuthorOnat N.C.
Available date2022-05-31T19:01:25Z
Publication Date2021
Publication NameEnergies
ResourceScopus
Identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14196208
URIhttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85116316301&doi=http://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2fen14196208&partnerID=40&md5=3186b31951b293179cd312a2790f2919
URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10576/31847
AbstractAir pollution, which causes over seven million deaths per year, is the most significant and specifically related to health impacts. Nearly 90% of the urban population worldwide is exposed to pollution not meeting the World Health Organization guidelines for air quality. Many atmospheric carbon oxides, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter emitting sources, such as inefficient energy and polluting transportation, directly impact health. Natural gas maritime transport from various parts of the world (carbon supplied to consuming areas) has become more critical. Natural gas liquefaction offers a cleaner and more efficient transportation option and also increases its storage capacity. It is expected that natural gas will reduce the human health impact compared with other traditional fuels consumed. This research establishes a life cycle assessment model of air emission and social human health impact related to LNG maritime transport to investigate the impact of each type of fuel used for the numerous maritime carriers. In order to build a model for air emissions and social human health impact assessments based on hypotheses on various unknown criteria, a calculation model is used. The results revealed Conventional-2 fuel type has the lowest human health impact for annual mode calculations, followed by Conventional-1, Q-Max, and finally Q-Flex. The analysis method for the per year demonstrated discrepancies in the relative human health impact due to the variation of the annual LNG demand by each destination and not only per the trip needs. The results show the importance of using a relatively cleaner fuel type such as Conventional-2 in reducing the health impact of LNG maritime transportation. Moreover, it shows differences in the air emissions as well as the human health impact based on the destination's location and annual LNG demand.
Languageen
PublisherMDPI
SubjectAir emissions
Life cycle assessment
Liquified natural gas
Maritime transport
Social human health
TitleLife cycle air emissions and social human health impact assessment of liquified natural gas maritime transport
TypeArticle
Issue Number19
Volume Number14
dc.accessType Abstract Only


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