Evaluation of Spheno-occipital Synchondrosis Fusion in Chinese Population Using CBCT: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Aim: This study sought to assess the fusion of spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) in Chinese population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study in which data were randomly collected based on the pre-existing institutional records. Following selection criteria, the CBCT images of 500 patients aged 6–25 years (226 males and 274 females) were analyzed. Three-dimensional virtual models were oriented at a standardized position, then adjusted to the median sagittal plane (MSP) view. A four-stage scoring system was used; completely open, partially fused, semi-fused, or completely fused. The student’s t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and linear regression analysis were used and the significant level was set at ≤0.05. Results: The mean age of closure of stages 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 7.44, 9.62, 12.94, and 19.03 years in females, and 8.79, 11.13, 14.82, and 20.18 years in males, respectively. There was significantly strong positive correlation between spheno-occipital fusion and age (female: r = 0.853, male: r = 0.879; p <0.001), with 1.47 ± 0.33 years earlier fusion in females. All inter and intra-stages mean ages were statistically significant in both genders. The transition age model demonstrated a mean age (in years) between stages 1–2 (10.1), stages 2–3 (12.79), and stage 3–4 (17.93) for males, and stages 1–2 (8.96), stages 2–3 (11.45), and stage 3–4 (16.69) for females. Conclusions: The present findings of SOS stages of fusion in both genders could guide age estimation and assessment of normal skeletal growth patterns and active skeletal growth period in the Chinese population. Clinical significance: There is still controversy about the time to closure of the SOS because of population and assessment technique variations. This study could be used as a reference for the specific examined population during planning for dentofacial orthopedic and/or orthognathic surgery and dental implant prosthesis for both genders. Moreover, these finding may be useful for medical purposes