Utilization of symmetric electrode materials in energy storage application: A review

Abstract

The development of efficient energy storage systems is an important field of research in the modern era where fossil fuels are headed toward. depletion. The invention of batteries is regarded as one of the most significant advancements in the field of energy storage. From its inception, a lot of research has been done and is still being carried out to develop novel and advanced materials that provide improved performance in terms of capacity, stability, and cost. In this context, symmetric or bipolar electrodes, which utilize the same material for the anode and the cathode, emerge as a suitable solution for battery technology. In this work, different types of symmetric electrode materials for batteries are subjected to review. The various structures, methods of synthesis, and characteristics are analyzed and presented. The Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) is the most widely analyzed symmetric material among all the symmetric materials. The Na-based systems are widely studied in symmetric configurations for their resource availability and price economics advantages. Aqueous and solid-state symmetric batteries are the emerging systems in symmetric batteries. This review will provide insights to battery researchers involved in bipolar material design and shed light on new emerging energy storage techniques.