Resilience oriented vehicle-to-home operation based on battery swapping mechanism

Abstract

This paper considers battery swapping and energy resilience in the building integrated with electric vehicle (EV), reserve battery, and solar energy. The building is able to continue the operation under both the off-grid and grid-tied states. The EV and reserve battery are coordinated for battery swapping strategy, energy cost reduction, and energy resilience improvement. The battery swapping strategy enables the EV to leave the building at each hour of the day when needed by the owner. Such flexible battery swapping model makes the EV available for owner at all time periods of the day even when the EV has just arrived to the building with empty battery. This strategy increases the acceptance rate of EVs and deals with the concerns regarding lengthy charging times. The coordinated EV and reserve battery also enables the system to supply the load demand following events like outage of solar or grid energy. Such model significantly improves the energy resilience in the given home energy management system. The solar power uncertainty is modeled by scenarios of performance and the problem is solved under set of uncertainty scenarios. The super capacitor is applied to remove the solar uncertainties under off-grid operation. The results including various cases verify that the enhanced battery swapping strategy is able to improve the resilience and reduce the energy cost. 2020 Elsevier Ltd