Effect of proton pump inhibitors on Magnesium levels in Type II diabetic patients: a single centre study from Saudi Arabia

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: In recent years, increasing evidence suggests an association between low Magnesium levels and type 2 diabetes mellitus. It has also been reported that the use of proton pump inhibitors may induce hypomagnesemia. Although some case reports have described patients with Proton Pump Inhibitor-induced hypomagnesemia, the impact of Proton Pump Inhibitor use on hypomagnesemia has not been fully clarified in comparative studies. The objective of the study was to determine the Magnesium levels in patients with diabetes who are taking proton pump inhibitors and also to correlate the Magnesium levels in diabetic patients who take proton pump inhibitors with those not taking proton pump inhibitors.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the study population comprising adult patients attending internal medicine clinics in King Khalid Hospital, Majmaah, KSA. A total of 200 patients who gave informed consent were recruited into the study over one year.

RESULTS: Overall prevalence of hypomagnesemia was observed among 128 patients out of 200 (64%) diabetic patients. Relatively more patients with hypomagnesemia were found in group 2 (without PPI use) (38.5%) compared to group 1 (with PPI use) (25.5%). A statistically significant difference was not observed in group 1 using proton pump inhibitors and group 2 not using proton pump inhibitors (p-value = 0.473).

CONCLUSIONS: Hypomagnesemia is seen in diabetic patients and patients who take proton pump inhibitors. There was no statistically significant difference in Magnesium levels in diabetic patients, irrespective of proton pump inhibitor use.