Stochastic management of hybrid AC/DC microgrids considering electric vehicles charging demands

Abstract

The high growth of the automotive industry reveals the very bright future of this technology and its high penetration effects on the human society. No doubt that the random and volatile charging demand of these devices would affect the power grid optimal operation and scheduling which may be regarded as a new challenge. Therefore, this paper investigates the stochastic scheduling of hybrid AC/DC microgrids considering the plugin hybrid electric vehicles charging demands, distributed all over the grid. Three different charging patterns, called coordinated, uncoordinated and smart charging models with different characteristics for the charger type, capacity and market share are proposed. Moreover, different types of renewable energy sources including wind turbine, solar panel and fuel cell are modeled and considered in the scheduling process of the hybrid microgrid. In order to mitigate the charging effects of electric vehicles on the hybrid AC–DC microgrid operation, some remotely switches are considered in the system which make it possible for changing the topology and power flow way. In order to model the uncertainty effects, a data-driven framework based on point estimate method and support vector machine is developed. This would make it possible to extract out the standard deviation value of the uncertain parameters and reflect their impacts on the microgrid operation problem through the limited concentration points. A novel evolving solution based on flower pollination algorithm is also proposed to solve the problem optimally. An IEEE standard test system is used as the hybrid AC/DC microgrid case study to assess the performance of proposed model.