A comprehensive review on the application of bioethanol/biodiesel in direct injection engines and consequential environmental impact

Abstract

Bioethanol/biodiesel are deemed a highly suitable alternative to conventional fuels in the near future due to their versatility in production techniques and operability. This paper examines the engine performance and possible scope of improvement in direct injection engines powered by biofuel blends. The obtained outcomes from this review are mainly focused on three distinguished fuel properties: fuel feasibility, emissions, and engine performance. Critical analysis of these factors is followed by the highlighting of the possible scope of improvement. This review indicates that biofuels perform best with additives or as an additive when used with traditional petroleum fuels. Research analysis indicates that biodiesels show significant improvement in ignition delay due to higher oxygen content compared with traditional petroleum fuels and produce lower emission of pollutant gas. However, engines have shown a decrease in performance regarding power output, torque, and fuel efficiency. The suggested improvement to counter these issues include the addition of nanoparticles, exhaust gas recirculation, ethanol/methanol fumigation, and introduction of various methyl esters into the mixture.