Advanced Concrete and Construction Materials for Sustainable Structures

Abstract

Innovation in structural engineering has sparked remarkable advancements in the building materials sector and the construction industry in general [1,2]. Within this dynamic landscape, the traditional perception of concrete as a static, unchanging material has given way to a dynamic field marked by continuous innovation. The definition of durable and sustainable concrete has evolved over time, mirroring the shifting paradigms in modern construction. Today, sustainability is at the forefront of concrete science [3], driving the search for materials that not only meet the demands of construction but also tread lightly on our environment [4]. The sustainability of cementitious construction materials has emerged as a paramount concern, commanding the attention of researchers, engineers, and industry experts alike [5]. The production of cement accounts for approximately 8-10% of CO2 emissions, thereby contributing to the global rise in environmental temperatures [6,7]. The imperative to reconcile the immense benefits of concrete structures with the pressing need to reduce their environmental footprint has catalyzed a wave of exploration into advanced concrete materials. These materials, collectively referred to as "advanced concretes", are characterized by their transformative microstructures, alternative binders to traditional Portland cement, and innovative additives designed to enhance durability and safety and minimize environmental impact throughout the life cycle of structures [8]. Among the noteworthy innovations are sustainable cementitious materials like alkali-activated binders and calcium sulphoaluminate cement, which hold the potential to revolutionize construction practices by reducing the carbon footprint of concrete [9]. However, as these novel materials emerge, the imperative for further research persists. The journey towards their full potential necessitates the optimization and standardization of mix designs, grounded in precise specifications that can guide the construction industry toward sustainable solutions.