Autoimmune diseases (AD) have emerged as a pandemic in our modern societies, especially after the World War II. In part I, we have reviewed five main diseases and shed light on different aspects from introducing the concept ...

Autoimmune diseases have emerged as a pandemic in our modern societies, especially after World War II. There are currently more than 80 autoimmune diseases that compromise the lives of millions of patients around the world. ...

Oral cancer is a common neoplasm in both male and female worldwide; the incidence and mortality of this cancer have increased over the past decades. Cancer metastasis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in oral ...

Heart Failure is a major health burden for healthcare systems worldwide. Early diagnosis, prediction and management of patients with these conditions are critical to improve patient health outcome. The availability of large ...

Heart failure is a life-threatening medical problem which refers to inadequate blood supply to body tissues due to the limited functioning of heart muscles. Heart failure is mostly observed as a chronic disease which ...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the key causes of deaths and disabilities worldwide. TBI progresses in two phases. The primary phase of injury is the direct result of the physical damage caused by the external force ...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease with devastating outcomes to patients and exhaustive burdens to healthcare systems. Alzheimer’s disease has always been the focus of extensive research ...

Metastasis is the most devastating aspect of cancer. Originally, tumor cells arise from a single clone, and then they undergo additional mutations and acquire invasive and metastatic features. These acquired mutations are ...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and chronic disability worldwide TBI involves an initial primary phase triggered by an impactful force to the brain and a subsequent secondary pathological phase. ...

Junctional complexes play a central role in maintaining tissue hemostasis. The barrier function of epithelial cells, that maintain tissues coherence and coordination of cellular synchronicity, is a consequence of a junctional ...