Marine Spatial Data Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy for All: A Systematic Review of Challenges and Solutions for Offshore Renewable Energy Development

Abstract

Marine environments hold significant potential for renewable energy, especially from offshore wind, wave, and tidal sources. However, the successful development of these resources depends on effective data management, where Marine Spatial Data Infrastructure (MSDI) plays a critical role. This study systematically reviews existing literature and systematically examines the intersection of MSDI and the Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) initiative. The focus is identifying key challenges in integrating MSDI into offshore renewable energy planning and proposing solutions to enhance future marine energy development. The study’s objectives are to (1) review the current role of MSDI in supporting offshore renewable energy projects, (2) assess the main challenges hindering the effective use of MSDI in this context, and (3) identify potential strategies and solutions for overcoming these challenges based on best practices and lessons from existing research. Using a systematic review methodology, relevant academic papers, policy documents, and industry reports were analysed to provide a comprehensive overview of the field. This approach allowed for identifying patterns and gaps in the literature, focusing on data fragmentation, interoperability challenges, and regulatory inconsistencies. The review revealed that while MSDI has the potential to improve renewable energy planning significantly, its adoption faces barriers, particularly in terms of standardisation and cross-sector collaboration. Few studies provide integrated solutions, and there is a need for a stronger focus on harmonising data practices across regions. Further work should focus on developing unified standards for marine spatial data and fostering greater collaboration among stakeholders. In conclusion, improving MSDI’s effectiveness is crucial for enabling sustainable energy development in marine environments and supporting global sustainability goals.