Hydrogel Performance in Boosting Plant Resilience to Water Stress—A Review

Abstract

Hydrogels have emerged as a transformative technology in agriculture, offering significant potential to enhance crop resilience, improve water use efficiency, and promote sustainable farming practices. These three-dimensional polymeric networks can absorb and retain water, making them particularly valuable in regions facing water scarcity and unpredictable rainfall patterns. This review examines the types, properties, and applications of hydrogels in agriculture, highlighting their role in improving soil moisture retention, enhancing nutrient delivery by, and increasing crop yield. The discussion extends to the economic and environmental implications of hydrogel use, including their potential to reduce irrigation costs by and minimize soil erosion. The review also explores the latest innovations in hydrogel technology, such as smart hydrogels and biodegradable alternatives, which offer new possibilities for precision agriculture and environmental sustainability. Despite promising benefits, challenges such as the higher cost of synthetic hydrogels, environmental impact, and performance variability across different soil types remain. Addressing these challenges requires a multidisciplinary approach that integrates advancements in material science, agronomy, and environmental policy. The future outlook for hydrogels in agriculture is optimistic, with ongoing research poised to refine their applications and expand their use across diverse agricultural systems. By leveraging the capabilities of hydrogels, agriculture can achieve increase in productivity, ensure food security, and move towards a more sustainable and resilient agricultural landscape.