How Circular Are Today’s Plastics and How Circularly Are We Treating Them?

Abstract

The circularity of today’s plastics is ambiguous and often questionable on its overall environmental effect. Current practices reveal that a minimal fraction of plastics achieves true circularity, with materials being continuously reused with no compromise in their quality, because the majority of plastics are subject to a linear lifecycle, often culminating in landfills or incineration, actions that negate the principles of circular economy. Innovations in polymer chemistry and recycling technologies are pivotal for enhancing the circularity of plastics and biobased plastics but present a partial solution and face challenges related to production scalability and lifecycle impacts. In the present paper, we aim to clarify any misconceptions related to the “linear vs circular” use of plastics, underpinning the strides being made toward making plastics more circular, while dealing with substantial gaps remaining to achieve a true circular economy. A multifaceted approach involving technological innovation, regulatory frameworks, and behavioral change is necessary to improve the circularity and sustainable treatment of today’s plastics. Policy and consumer behavior play critical roles, while mandating recycled content and enhancing waste management infrastructure are essential. Finally, consumer awareness and participation in recycling programs can drive demand for recycled materials and reduce contamination in recycling streams.