Enhancing Self-Efficacy in Asthma Management: The Role of Motivational Interviewing in Primary Care.

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) in enhancing asthma self-efficacy among adults in a primary care setting in Northern Jordan. A quality improvement project employing a quasi-experimental pre-post design was conducted using a convenience sample of adults diagnosed with asthma. The Asthma Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES) was administered at baseline and again eight weeks after implementation of the MI intervention. The sessions were guided by Bandura's self-efficacy framework, focusing on mastery experiences, social persuasion, and emotional regulation. Data were analyzed using paired -tests at a significance level of 0.05. Participants demonstrated a significant improvement in asthma self-efficacy scores and symptom control following the intervention. The paired -test indicated a statistically significant increase in self-efficacy (p < 0.001), confirming the intervention's effectiveness. Additionally, participants reported lower perceived stress and a 56% reduction in asthma symptom flare-ups. Motivational interviewing proved effective in strengthening asthma self-management by enhancing patients' confidence and promoting behavioral change. The integration of MI into routine primary care is recommended to foster patient empowerment and improve clinical outcomes.