Disease burden attributable to intimate partner violence against females and sexual violence against children in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
| Author | Flor, Luisa S |
| Author | Spencer, Cory N |
| Author | Cagney, Jack |
| Author | Gil, Gabriela Fernanda |
| Author | Aalruz, Hasan |
| Author | Abd ElHafeez, Samar |
| Author | Abdelwahab, Siddig Ibrahim |
| Author | Abdoun, Meriem |
| Author | Abebe, Mesfin |
| Author | Abebe, Yonas |
| Author | Abedi, Armita |
| Author | Abeldaño Zuñiga, Roberto Ariel |
| Author | Abie, Alemwork |
| Author | Abiodun, Olumide |
| Author | Aboagye, Richard Gyan |
| Author | Abreu, Lucas Guimarães |
| Author | Abu Farha, Rana Kamal |
| Author | Abubakar, Bilyaminu |
| Author | Abuhammad, Sawsan |
| Author | Achore, Meshack |
| Author | Adams, Lisa C |
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| Author | Adegbile, Oluwatobi E |
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| Available date | 2026-01-28T10:16:04Z |
| Publication Date | 2026-01-09 |
| Publication Name | The Lancet |
| Identifier | http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(25)02503-6 |
| Citation | Flor, Luisa S., Cory N. Spencer, Jack Cagney, Gabriela Fernanda Gil, Hasan Aalruz, Samar Abd ElHafeez, Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab et al. "Disease burden attributable to intimate partner violence against females and sexual violence against children in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023." The Lancet 407, no. 10523 (2026): 31-52. |
| ISSN | 01406736 |
| Abstract | BackgroundViolence against women and against children are human rights violations with lasting harms to survivors and societies at large. Intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual violence against children (SVAC) are two major forms of such abuse. Despite their wide-reaching effects on individual and community health, these risk factors have not been adequately prioritised as key drivers of global health burden. Comprehensive x§and reliable estimates of the comparative health burden of IPV and SVAC are urgently needed to inform investments in prevention and support for survivors at both national and global levels. MethodsWe estimated the prevalence and attributable burden of IPV among females and SVAC among males and females for 204 countries and territories, by age and sex, from 1990 to 2023, as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2023. We searched several global databases for data on self-reported exposure to IPV and SVAC and undertook a systematic review to identify the health outcomes associated with each of these risk factors. We modelled IPV and SVAC prevalence using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, applying data adjustments to account for measurement heterogeneity. We employed burden-of-proof methodology to estimate relative risks for outcomes associated with IPV and SVAC. These estimates informed the calculation of population attributable fractions, which were then used to quantify disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to each risk factor. FindingsGlobally, in 2023, we estimated that 608 million (95% uncertainty interval 518–724) females aged 15 years and older had ever been exposed to IPV, and 1·01 billion (0·764–1·48) individuals aged 15 years and older had experienced sexual violence during childhood. 18·5 million (8·74–30·0) DALYs were attributed to IPV among females and 32·2 million (16·4–52·5) DALYs were attributed to SVAC among males and females in 2023. IPV and SVAC were among the top contributors to the global disease burden in 2023, particularly among females aged 15–49 years, ranking as the fourth and fifth leading risk factors, respectively, for DALYs in this group. Among the eight health outcomes found to be associated with IPV, anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder were the leading causes of IPV-attributed DALYs, accounting for 5·43 million (–1·25 to 14·6) and 3·96 million (1·71 to 6·92) DALYs in 2023, respectively. SVAC was associated with 14 health outcomes, including mental health disorder, substance use disorder, and chronic and infectious disease outcomes. Self-harm and schizophrenia were the leading causes of SVAC-attributed burden, with SVAC accounting for 6·71 million (2·00 to 12·7) DALYs due to self-harm and 4·15 million (–1·92 to 13·1) DALYs due to schizophrenia in 2023. InterpretationIPV and SVAC are substantial contributors to global health burden, and their health consequences span a variety of individual health outcomes. Importantly, mental health disorders account for the greatest share of disease burden among survivors. Investing in prevention of these avoidable risk factors has the potential to avert millions of DALYs and considerable premature mortality each year. Our findings represent strong evidence for global and national leaders to elevate IPV and SVAC among public health priorities. Sustained investments are needed to prevent IPV and SVAC and to implement interventions focused on supporting the complex social and health needs of survivors. FundingGates Foundation. |
| Sponsor | This paper was developed as part of the GBD Collaborator Network and GBD Protocol with support from the GBD Secretariat, IHME, and the GBD Collaborator Network under the IHME ID 6064. This study was funded by the Gates Foundation. |
| Language | en |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Subject | intimate partner violence sexual violence against children global disease burden DALYs analysis public health prioritization |
| Type | Article |
| Pagination | 31-52 |
| Issue Number | 10523 |
| Volume Number | 407 |
| Open Access user License | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| ESSN | 1474-547X |
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( Elsevier , 2025 , Article)BackgroundTimely and comprehensive analyses of causes of death stratified by age, sex, and location are essential for shaping effective health policies aimed at reducing global mortality. The Global Burden of Diseases, ... -
Global age-sex-specific all-cause mortality and life expectancy estimates for 204 countries and territories and 660 subnational locations, 1950–2023: a demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
( Elsevier , 2025 , Article)Comprehensive, comparable, and timely estimates of demographic metrics—including life expectancy and age-specific mortality—are essential for evaluating, understanding, and addressing trends in population health. The ... -
Global burden of lower respiratory infections and aetiologies, 1990–2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
( Elsevier , 2025 , Article)BackgroundLower respiratory infections (LRIs) remain the world's leading infectious cause of death. This analysis from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023 provides global, regional, ...
