Cobalt phthalocyanine as a novel molecular recognition reagent for batch and flow injection potentiometric and spectrophotometric determination of anionic surfactants

Abstract

Cobalt(II) phthalocyanine [Co(II)Pc] is used as both an ionophore and chromogen for batch and flow injection potentiometric and spectrophotometric determination of anionic surfactants (SDS), respectively. The potentiometric technique involves preparation of a polymeric membrane sensor by dispersing [Co(II)Pc] in a plasticized PVC membrane. Under batch mode of operation, the sensor displays a near-Nernstian slope of −56.5 mV decade−1, wide response linear range of 7.8 × 10−4 to 8.0 × 10−7 mol L−1, lower detection limit of 2.5 × 10−7 mol L−1 and exhibits high selectivity for anionic surfactants in the presence of many common ions. Under hydrodynamic mode of operation (FIA), the slope of the calibration plot, limit of detection, and working linear range are −51.1 mV decade−1, 5.6 × 10−7 and 1.0 × 10−3 to 1.0 × 10−6 mol L−1, respectively. The spectrophotometric method is based on the use of [Co(II)Pc] solution in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as a chromogenic reagent. The maximum absorption of the reagent at 658 nm linearly decreases with the increase of anionic surfactant over the concentration range 2–30 μg mL−1. The lower limit of detection is 1 μg mL−1 and high concentrations of many interfering ions are tolerated. Flow injection spectrophotometric measurements are carried out by injection of the surfactant test solution in a stream of the reagent in DMSO. The sample throughput, working range and lower detection limit are 25–30 samples h−1, 4–60 and 2 μg mL−1, respectively. The potentiometric and spectrophotometric techniques are applied to the batch and flow injection measurements of anionic surfactants in some commercial detergent products. The results agree fairly well with data obtained using the standard methylene blue spectrophotometric method.