SOFT POWER SHAPING THE FOREIGN POLICY OF SMALL STATES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN QATAR AND SINGAPORE

Abstract

Using soft power by a superpower is often a second option where some countries realized its importance after failed experiences of maximizing hard power. This thesis argues that using soft power by small states represents a first option to convince the world of their foreign policy behavior through the comparison of two small states that have cultivated their international standing throughout the years. This research study aims to illustrate the potential of soft power in crafting an international status for small states as a strategy that compensates for their conventional limitations enforced by international relations doctrine. By comparing small states such as Qatar and Singapore that share similar demographical and geographical characteristics, the thesis lays out the opportunities for Qatar to enhance its soft power ranking by detecting gaps, deriving lessons from Singapore that ranks higher in soft power. This research study uses qualitative research that includes a combination of semi-structured interviews, observation and literature search. For the interviews, participants from academic and diplomatic background were interviewed one on one. The interviews were transcribed verbatim. The thesis reaffirms the growing positive correlation between soft power and small states. It demonstrates how maximizing soft power strategies enhanced Qatar's image as a recognized small power and a trusted international partner. Although Qatar has a long list of soft power tools when compared to Singapore, the latter is more focused and efficient with its available resources. After a comprehensive study and examination of Singapore's foreign policy development over a period of past seven decades, important gaps in Qatar's foreign policy were identified and presented. Further, this thesis concludes with a non-exhaustive list of lessons for Qatar that can guide policy makers toward a foreign policy characterized with a softer approach to international relations.