Porous ternary Pt-based branched nanostructures for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction

Abstract

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is pivotal for optimizing the energy output of fuel cells and metal-air batteries; however, their commercialization is precluded by the intolerable cost, instability, earth-scarcity of Pt that remains a prestigious catalyst for ORR. Porous ternary Pt-based branched nanostructures (PTB-Pt) with unique catalytic properties, low-density structural stability, multiple electronic effects, high surface area, and maximized atomic utilization can maximize the ORR catalytic activity at low Pt content. This review provides broad and balanced insights on the substantial progress on the rational design of porous PTB-Pt for ORR and their fundamental mechanisms besides the current challenges and perspectives on designing ideal PTB-Pt catalysts for efficient ORR and guidance for future development of real-device.