Engineering of Pt-based nanostructures for efficient dry (CO2) reforming: Strategy and mechanism for rich-hydrogen production

Abstract

Dry (CO2) reforming of methane (DRM) is of great interest in scientific, environmental, and industrial applications. The high-energy stationary path DRM provides gigatons of CO2 utilization to produce syngas (CO and H2), which is used to form a wide range of valuable chemicals and products through Fischer-Tropsch process. Numerous fences remain in the DRM including the absence of durable, effective, and economically viable catalysts that maintain outstanding catalytic performance along with deactivation resulting from carbon deposition. Pt-based catalyst is highly auspicious for DRM with a substantial resistance to carbon deposition and subsequent deactivation compared to Ni or another transition-metal catalyst. However, its high cost can be stay as an obstacle for the industrial application unless it is introduced with other cheap transition metals. This review emphasizes some salient features of the rational designs and fundamentals for engineering of Pt shape/composition to understand the elementary steps involved in DRM and to exploit the effect of Pt with other noble and earth-abundant-metals to form highly active and stable bi- and tri-metallic catalysts in the context of promoting DRM and their related mechanism, and deactivation regimes supported with several paradigms for rich-hydrogen production. The current critical scientific issues of methane reforming and their challenges, besides the potential prospects, are finally highlighted.