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AuthorBin, Zhou
AuthorBentham, James
AuthorDi Cesare, Mariachiara
AuthorBixby, Honor
AuthorDanaei, Goodarz
AuthorCowan, Melanie J
AuthorPaciorek, Christopher J
AuthorSingh, Gitanjali
AuthorHajifathalian, Kaveh
AuthorBennett, James E
AuthorTaddei, Cristina
AuthorBilano, Ver
AuthorCarrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M
AuthorDjalalinia, Shirin
AuthorKhatibzadeh, Shahab
AuthorLugero, Charles
AuthorPeykari, Niloofar
AuthorZhang, Wan Zhu
AuthorLu, Yuan
AuthorStevens, Gretchen A
AuthorRiley, Leanne M
AuthorBovet, Pascal
AuthorElliott, Paul
AuthorGu, Dongfeng
AuthorIkeda, Nayu
AuthorJackson, Rod T
AuthorJoffres, Michel
AuthorKengne, Andre Pascal
AuthorLaatikainen, Tiina
AuthorLam, Tai Hing
AuthorLaxmaiah, Avula
AuthorLiu, Jing
AuthorMiranda, J Jaime
AuthorMondo, Charles K
AuthorNeuhauser, Hannelore K
AuthorSundström, Johan
AuthorSmeeth, Liam
AuthorSoric, Maroje
AuthorWoodward, Mark
AuthorEzzati, Majid
AuthorAbarca-Gómez, Leandra
AuthorAbdeen, Ziad A
AuthorRahim, Hanan Abdul
AuthorAbu-Rmeileh, Niveen M
AuthorAcosta-Cazares, Benjamin
AuthorAdams, Robert
AuthorAekplakorn, Wichai
AuthorAfsana, Kaosar
AuthorAguilar-Salinas, Carlos A
AuthorAgyemang, Charles
AuthorAhmadvand, Alireza
AuthorAhrens, Wolfgang
AuthorAl Raddadi, Rajaa
AuthorAl Woyatan, Rihab
AuthorAli, Mohamed M
AuthorAlkerwi, Ala'a
AuthorAly, Eman
AuthorAmouyel, Philippe
AuthorAmuzu, Antoinette
AuthorAndersen, Lars Bo
AuthorAnderssen, Sigmund A
AuthorÄngquist, Lars
AuthorAnjana, Ranjit Mohan
AuthorAnsong, Daniel
AuthorAounallah-Skhiri, Hajer
AuthorAraújo, Joana
AuthorAriansen, Inger
AuthorAris, Tahir
AuthorArlappa, Nimmathota
AuthorAryal, Krishna
AuthorArveiler, Dominique
AuthorAssah, Felix K
AuthorAssunção, Maria Cecília F
AuthorAvdicová, Mária
AuthorAzevedo, Ana
AuthorAzizi, Fereidoun
AuthorBabu, Bontha V
AuthorBahijri, Suhad
AuthorBalakrishna, Nagalla
AuthorBandosz, Piotr
AuthorBanegas, José R
AuthorBarbagallo, Carlo M
AuthorBarceló, Alberto
AuthorBarkat, Amina
AuthorBarros, Aluisio J D
AuthorBarros, Mauro V
AuthorBata, Iqbal
AuthorBatieha, Anwar M
AuthorBaur, Louise A
AuthorBeaglehole, Robert
AuthorRomdhane, Habiba Ben
AuthorBenet, Mikhail
AuthorBenson, Lowell S
AuthorBernabe-Ortiz, Antonio
AuthorBernotiene, Gailute
AuthorBettiol, Heloisa
AuthorBhagyalaxmi, Aroor
AuthorBharadwaj, Sumit
AuthorBhargava, Santosh K
AuthorBi, Yufang
AuthorBikbov, Mukharram
AuthorBjerregaard, Peter
AuthorBjertness, Espen
AuthorBjörkelund, Cecilia
AuthorBlokstra, Anneke
AuthorBo, Simona
AuthorBobak, Martin
AuthorBoeing, Heiner
AuthorBoggia, Jose G
AuthorBoissonnet, Carlos P
AuthorBongard, Vanina
AuthorBraeckman, Lutgart
AuthorBrajkovich, Imperia
AuthorBranca, Francesco
AuthorBreckenkamp, Juergen
AuthorBrenner, Hermann
AuthorBrewster, Lizzy M
AuthorBruno, Graziella
AuthorBueno-de-Mesquita, H B(as)
AuthorBugge, Anna
AuthorBurns, Con
AuthorBursztyn, Michael
Authorde León, Antonio Cabrera
AuthorCacciottolo, Joseph
AuthorCameron, Christine
AuthorCan, Günay
AuthorCândido, Ana Paula C
AuthorCapuano, Vincenzo
AuthorCardoso, Viviane C
AuthorCarlsson, Axel C
AuthorCarvalho, Maria J
AuthorCasanueva, Felipe F
AuthorCasas, Juan-Pablo
AuthorCaserta, Carmelo A
AuthorChamukuttan, Snehalatha
AuthorChan, Angelique W
AuthorChan, Queenie
AuthorChaturvedi, Himanshu K
AuthorChaturvedi, Nishi
AuthorChen, Chien-Jen
AuthorChen, Fangfang
AuthorChen, Huashuai
AuthorChen, Shuohua
AuthorChen, Zhengming
AuthorCheng, Ching-Yu
AuthorDekkaki, Imane Cherkaoui
AuthorChetrit, Angela
AuthorChiolero, Arnaud
AuthorChiou, Shu-Ti
AuthorChirita-Emandi, Adela
AuthorCho, Belong
AuthorCho, Yumi
AuthorChudek, Jerzy
AuthorCifkova, Renata
AuthorClaessens, Frank
AuthorClays, Els
AuthorConcin, Hans
AuthorCooper, Cyrus
AuthorCooper, Rachel
AuthorCoppinger, Tara C
AuthorCostanzo, Simona
AuthorCottel, Dominique
AuthorCowell, Chris
AuthorCraig, Cora L
AuthorCrujeiras, Ana B
AuthorCruz, Juan J
AuthorD'Arrigo, Graziella
Authord'Orsi, Eleonora
AuthorDallongeville, Jean
AuthorDamasceno, Albertino
AuthorDankner, Rachel
AuthorDantoft, Thomas M
AuthorDauchet, Luc
AuthorDe Backer, Guy
AuthorDe Bacquer, Dirk
Authorde Gaetano, Giovanni
AuthorDe Henauw, Stefaan
AuthorDe Smedt, Delphine
AuthorDeepa, Mohan
AuthorDehghan, Abbas
AuthorDelisle, Hélène
AuthorDeschamps, Valérie
AuthorDhana, Klodian
AuthorDi Castelnuovo, Augusto F
AuthorDias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares
AuthorDiaz, Alejandro
AuthorDickerson, Ty T
AuthorDo, Ha T P
AuthorDobson, Annette J
AuthorDonfrancesco, Chiara
AuthorDonoso, Silvana P
AuthorDöring, Angela
AuthorDoua, Kouamelan
AuthorDrygas, Wojciech
AuthorDulskiene, Virginija
AuthorDžakula, Aleksandar
AuthorDzerve, Vilnis
AuthorDziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta
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AuthorEkelund, Ulf
AuthorEl Ati, Jalila
AuthorEllert, Ute
AuthorElliott, Paul
AuthorElosua, Roberto
AuthorErasmus, Rajiv T
AuthorErem, Cihangir
AuthorEriksen, Louise
Authorde la Peña, Jorge Escobedo
AuthorEvans, Alun
AuthorFaeh, David
AuthorFall, Caroline H
AuthorFarzadfar, Farshad
AuthorFelix-Redondo, Francisco J
AuthorFerguson, Trevor S
AuthorFernández-Bergés, Daniel
AuthorFerrante, Daniel
AuthorFerrari, Marika
AuthorFerreccio, Catterina
AuthorFerrieres, Jean
AuthorFinn, Joseph D
AuthorFischer, Krista
AuthorFöger, Bernhard
AuthorFoo, Leng Huat
AuthorForslund, Ann-Sofie
AuthorForsner, Maria
AuthorFortmann, Stephen P
AuthorFouad, Heba M
AuthorFrancis, Damian K
AuthorFranco, Maria do Carmo
AuthorFranco, Oscar H
AuthorFrontera, Guillermo
AuthorFuchs, Flavio D
AuthorFuchs, Sandra C
AuthorFujita, Yuki
AuthorFurusawa, Takuro
AuthorGaciong, Zbigniew
AuthorGareta, Dickman
AuthorGarnett, Sarah P
AuthorGaspoz, Jean-Michel
AuthorGasull, Magda
AuthorGates, Louise
AuthorGavrila, Diana
AuthorGeleijnse, Johanna M
AuthorGhasemian, Anoosheh
AuthorGhimire, Anup
AuthorGiampaoli, Simona
AuthorGianfagna, Francesco
AuthorGiovannelli, Jonathan
AuthorGoldsmith, Rebecca A
AuthorGonçalves, Helen
AuthorGross, Marcela Gonzalez
AuthorRivas, Juan P González
AuthorGottrand, Frederic
AuthorGraff-Iversen, Sidsel
AuthorGrafnetter, Dušan
AuthorGrajda, Aneta
AuthorGregor, Ronald D
AuthorGrodzicki, Tomasz
AuthorGrøntved, Anders
AuthorGruden, Grabriella
AuthorGrujic, Vera
AuthorGu, Dongfeng
AuthorGuan, Ong Peng
AuthorGudnason, Vilmundur
AuthorGuerrero, Ramiro
AuthorGuessous, Idris
AuthorGuimaraes, Andre L
AuthorGulliford, Martin C
AuthorGunnlaugsdottir, Johanna
AuthorGunter, Marc
AuthorGupta, Prakash C
AuthorGureje, Oye
AuthorGurzkowska, Beata
AuthorGutierrez, Laura
AuthorGutzwiller, Felix
AuthorHadaegh, Farzad
AuthorHalkjær, Jytte
AuthorHambleton, Ian R
AuthorHardy, Rebecca
AuthorHarikumar, Rachakulla
AuthorHata, Jun
AuthorHayes, Alison J
AuthorHe, Jiang
AuthorHendriks, Marleen Elisabeth
AuthorHenriques, Ana
AuthorCadena, Leticia Hernandez
AuthorHerrala, Sauli
AuthorHeshmat, Ramin
AuthorHihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani
AuthorHo, Sai Yin
AuthorHo, Suzanne C
AuthorHobbs, Michael
AuthorHofman, Albert
AuthorDinc, Gonul Horasan
AuthorHormiga, Claudia M
AuthorHorta, Bernardo L
AuthorHouti, Leila
AuthorHowitt, Christina
AuthorHtay, Thein Thein
AuthorHtet, Aung Soe
AuthorHu, Yonghua
AuthorHuerta, José María
AuthorHusseini, Abdullatif S
AuthorHuybrechts, Inge
AuthorHwalla, Nahla
AuthorIacoviello, Licia
AuthorIannone, Anna G
AuthorIbrahim, M Mohsen
AuthorIkram, M Arfan
AuthorIrazola, Vilma E
AuthorIslam, Muhammad
AuthorIvkovic, Vanja
AuthorIwasaki, Masanori
AuthorJackson, Rod T
AuthorJacobs, Jeremy M
AuthorJafar, Tazeen
AuthorJamrozik, Konrad
AuthorJanszky, Imre
AuthorJasienska, Grazyna
AuthorJelakovic, Bojan
AuthorJiang, Chao Qiang
AuthorJoffres, Michel
AuthorJohansson, Mattias
AuthorJonas, Jost B
AuthorJørgensen, Torben
AuthorJoshi, Pradeep
AuthorJuolevi, Anne
AuthorJurak, Gregor
AuthorJureša, Vesna
AuthorKaaks, Rudolf
AuthorKafatos, Anthony
AuthorKalter-Leibovici, Ofra
AuthorKamaruddin, Nor Azmi
AuthorKasaeian, Amir
AuthorKatz, Joanne
AuthorKauhanen, Jussi
AuthorKaur, Prabhdeep
AuthorKavousi, Maryam
AuthorKazakbaeva, Gyulli
AuthorKeil, Ulrich
AuthorBoker, Lital Keinan
AuthorKeinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka
AuthorKelishadi, Roya
AuthorKemper, Han C G
AuthorKengne, Andre Pascal
AuthorKersting, Mathilde
AuthorKey, Timothy
AuthorKhader, Yousef Saleh
AuthorKhalili, Davood
AuthorKhang, Young-Ho
AuthorKhaw, Kay-Tee
AuthorKiechl, Stefan
AuthorKillewo, Japhet
AuthorKim, Jeongseon
AuthorKlumbiene, Jurate
AuthorKolle, Elin
AuthorKolsteren, Patrick
AuthorKorrovits, Paul
AuthorKoskinen, Seppo
AuthorKouda, Katsuyasu
AuthorKoziel, Slawomir
AuthorKristensen, Peter Lund
AuthorKrokstad, Steinar
AuthorKromhout, Daan
AuthorKruger, Herculina S
AuthorKubinova, Ruzena
AuthorKuciene, Renata
AuthorKuh, Diana
AuthorKujala, Urho M
AuthorKula, Krzysztof
AuthorKulaga, Zbigniew
AuthorKumar, R Krishna
AuthorKurjata, Pawel
AuthorKusuma, Yadlapalli S
AuthorKuulasmaa, Kari
AuthorKyobutungi, Catherine
AuthorLaatikainen, Tiina
AuthorLachat, Carl
AuthorLam, Tai Hing
AuthorLandrove, Orlando
AuthorLanska, Vera
AuthorLappas, Georg
AuthorLarijani, Bagher
AuthorLaugsand, Lars E
AuthorLaxmaiah, Avula
AuthorBao, Khanh Le Nguyen
AuthorLe, Tuyen D
AuthorLeclercq, Catherine
AuthorLee, Jeannette
AuthorLee, Jeonghee
AuthorLehtimäki, Terho
AuthorLekhraj, Rampal
AuthorLeón-Muñoz, Luz M
AuthorLevitt, Naomi S
AuthorLi, Yanping
AuthorLilly, Christa L
AuthorLim, Wei-Yen
AuthorLima-Costa, M Fernanda
AuthorLin, Hsien-Ho
AuthorLin, Xu
AuthorLinneberg, Allan
AuthorLissner, Lauren
AuthorLitwin, Mieczyslaw
AuthorLorbeer, Roberto
AuthorLotufo, Paulo A
AuthorLozano, José Eugenio
AuthorLuksiene, Dalia
AuthorLundqvist, Annamari
AuthorLunet, Nuno
AuthorLytsy, Per
AuthorMa, Guansheng
AuthorMa, Jun
AuthorMachado-Coelho, George L L
AuthorMachi, Suka
AuthorMaggi, Stefania
AuthorMagliano, Dianna J
AuthorMajer, Marjeta
AuthorMakdisse, Marcia
AuthorMalekzadeh, Reza
AuthorMalhotra, Rahul
AuthorRao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna
AuthorMalyutina, Sofia
AuthorManios, Yannis
AuthorMann, Jim I
AuthorManzato, Enzo
AuthorMargozzini, Paula
AuthorMarques-Vidal, Pedro
AuthorMarrugat, Jaume
AuthorMartorell, Reynaldo
AuthorMathiesen, Ellisiv B
AuthorMatijasevich, Alicia
AuthorMatsha, Tandi E
AuthorMbanya, Jean Claude N
AuthorPosso, Anselmo J Mc Donald
AuthorMcFarlane, Shelly R
AuthorMcGarvey, Stephen T
AuthorMcLachlan, Stela
AuthorMcLean, Rachael M
AuthorMcNulty, Breige A
AuthorKhir, Amir Sharifuddin Md
AuthorMediene-Benchekor, Sounnia
AuthorMedzioniene, Jurate
AuthorMeirhaeghe, Aline
AuthorMeisinger, Christa
AuthorMenezes, Ana Maria B
AuthorMenon, Geetha R
AuthorMeshram, Indrapal I
AuthorMetspalu, Andres
AuthorMi, Jie
AuthorMikkel, Kairit
AuthorMiller, Jody C
AuthorMiquel, Juan Francisco
AuthorMišigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta
AuthorMohamed, Mostafa K
AuthorMohammad, Kazem
AuthorMohammadifard, Noushin
AuthorMohan, Viswanathan
AuthorYusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd
AuthorMøller, Niels C
AuthorMolnár, Dénes
AuthorMomenan, Amirabbas
AuthorMondo, Charles K
AuthorMonyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K
AuthorMoreira, Leila B
AuthorMorejon, Alain
AuthorMoreno, Luis A
AuthorMorgan, Karen
AuthorMoschonis, George
AuthorMossakowska, Malgorzata
AuthorMostafa, Aya
AuthorMota, Jorge
AuthorMotlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel
AuthorMotta, Jorge
AuthorMuiesan, Maria L
AuthorMüller-Nurasyid, Martina
AuthorMurphy, Neil
AuthorMursu, Jaakko
AuthorMusil, Vera
AuthorNagel, Gabriele
AuthorNaidu, Balkish M
AuthorNakamura, Harunobu
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AuthorNang, Ei Ei K
AuthorNangia, Vinay B
AuthorNarake, Sameer
AuthorNavarrete-Muñoz, Eva Maria
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AuthorNeal, William A
AuthorNenko, Ilona
AuthorNervi, Flavio
AuthorNguyen, Nguyen D
AuthorNguyen, Quang Ngoc
AuthorNieto-Martínez, Ramfis E
AuthorNiiranen, Teemu J
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AuthorNinomiya, Toshiharu
AuthorNishtar, Sania
AuthorNoale, Marianna
AuthorNoboa, Oscar A
AuthorNoorbala, Ahmad Ali
AuthorNoorbala, Teresa
AuthorNoto, Davide
AuthorAl Nsour, Mohannad
AuthorO'Reilly, Dermot
AuthorOh, Kyungwon
AuthorOlinto, Maria Teresa A
AuthorOliveira, Isabel O
AuthorOmar, Mohd Azahadi
AuthorOnat, Altan
AuthorOrdunez, Pedro
AuthorOsmond, Clive
AuthorOstojic, Sergej M
AuthorOtero, Johanna A
AuthorOvervad, Kim
AuthorOwusu-Dabo, Ellis
AuthorPaccaud, Fred Michel
AuthorPadez, Cristina
AuthorPahomova, Elena
AuthorPajak, Andrzej
AuthorPalli, Domenico
AuthorPalmieri, Luigi
AuthorPanda-Jonas, Songhomitra
AuthorPanza, Francesco
AuthorPapandreou, Dimitrios
AuthorParnell, Winsome R
AuthorParsaeian, Mahboubeh
AuthorPecin, Ivan
AuthorPednekar, Mangesh S
AuthorPeer, Nasheeta
AuthorPeeters, Petra H
AuthorPeixoto, Sergio Viana
AuthorPelletier, Catherine
AuthorPeltonen, Markku
AuthorPereira, Alexandre C
AuthorPérez, Rosa Marina
AuthorPeters, Annette
AuthorPetkeviciene, Janina
AuthorPham, Son Thai
AuthorPigeot, Iris
AuthorPikhart, Hynek
AuthorPilav, Aida
AuthorPilotto, Lorenza
AuthorPitakaka, Freda
AuthorPlans-Rubió, Pedro
AuthorPolakowska, Maria
AuthorPolašek, Ozren
AuthorPorta, Miquel
AuthorPortegies, Marileen LP
AuthorPourshams, Akram
AuthorPradeepa, Rajendra
AuthorPrashant, Mathur
AuthorPrice, Jacqueline F
AuthorPuiu, Maria
AuthorPunab, Margus
AuthorQasrawi, Radwan F
AuthorQorbani, Mostafa
AuthorRadic, Ivana
AuthorRadisauskas, Ricardas
AuthorRahman, Mahfuzar
AuthorRaitakari, Olli
AuthorRaj, Manu
AuthorRao, Sudha Ramachandra
AuthorRamachandran, Ambady
AuthorRamos, Elisabete
AuthorRampal, Sanjay
AuthorReina, Daniel A Rangel
AuthorRasmussen, Finn
AuthorRedon, Josep
AuthorReganit, Paul Ferdinand M
AuthorRibeiro, Robespierre
AuthorRiboli, Elio
AuthorRigo, Fernando
Authorde Wit, Tobias F Rinke
AuthorRitti-Dias, Raphael M
AuthorRobinson, Sian M
AuthorRobitaille, Cynthia
AuthorRodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando
AuthorRodriguez-Perez del Cristo, María
AuthorRodríguez-Villamizar, Laura A
AuthorRojas-Martinez, Rosalba
AuthorRosengren, Annika
AuthorRubinstein, Adolfo
AuthorRui, Ornelas
AuthorRuiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra
AuthorHorimoto, Andrea R V Russo
AuthorRutkowski, Marcin
AuthorSabanayagam, Charumathi
AuthorSachdev, Harshpal S
AuthorSaidi, Olfa
AuthorSakarya, Sibel
AuthorSalanave, Benoit
AuthorSalazar Martinez, Eduardo
AuthorSalmerón, Diego
AuthorSalomaa, Veikko
AuthorSalonen, Jukka T
AuthorSalvetti, Massimo
AuthorSánchez-Abanto, Jose
AuthorSans, Susana
AuthorSantos, Diana
AuthorSantos, Ina S
Authordos Santos, Renata Nunes
AuthorSantos, Rute
AuthorSaramies, Jouko L
AuthorSardinha, Luis B
AuthorMargolis, Giselle Sarganas
AuthorSarrafzadegan, Nizal
AuthorSaum, Kai-Uwe
AuthorSavva, Savvas C
AuthorScazufca, Marcia
AuthorSchargrodsky, Herman
AuthorSchneider, Ione J
AuthorSchultsz, Constance
AuthorSchutte, Aletta E
AuthorSen, Abhijit
AuthorSenbanjo, Idowu O
AuthorSepanlou, Sadaf G
AuthorSharma, Sanjib K
AuthorShaw, Jonathan E
AuthorShibuya, Kenji
AuthorShin, Dong Wook
AuthorShin, Youchan
AuthorSiantar, Rosalynn
AuthorSibai, Abla M
AuthorSilva, Diego Augusto Santos
AuthorSimon, Mary
AuthorSimons, Judith
AuthorSimons, Leon A
AuthorSjöström, Michael
AuthorSkovbjerg, Sine
AuthorSlowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta
AuthorSlusarczyk, Przemyslaw
AuthorSmeeth, Liam
AuthorSmith, Margaret C
AuthorSnijder, Marieke B
AuthorSo, Hung-Kwan
AuthorSobngwi, Eugène
AuthorSöderberg, Stefan
AuthorSolfrizzi, Vincenzo
AuthorSonestedt, Emily
AuthorSong, Yi
AuthorSørensen, Thorkild IA
AuthorJérome, Charles Sossa
AuthorSoumare, Aicha
AuthorStaessen, Jan A
AuthorStarc, Gregor
AuthorStathopoulou, Maria G
AuthorStavreski, Bill
AuthorSteene-Johannessen, Jostein
AuthorStehle, Peter
AuthorStein, Aryeh D
AuthorStergiou, George S
AuthorStessman, Jochanan
AuthorStieber, Jutta
AuthorStöckl, Doris
AuthorStocks, Tanja
AuthorStokwiszewski, Jakub
AuthorStronks, Karien
AuthorStrufaldi, Maria Wany
AuthorSun, Chien-An
AuthorSundström, Johan
AuthorSung, Yn-Tz
AuthorSuriyawongpaisal, Paibul
AuthorSy, Rody G
AuthorTai, E Shyong
AuthorTammesoo, Mari-Liis
AuthorTamosiunas, Abdonas
AuthorTang, Line
AuthorTang, Xun
AuthorTanser, Frank
AuthorTao, Yong
AuthorTarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul
AuthorTarqui-Mamani, Carolina B
AuthorTaylor, Anne
AuthorTheobald, Holger
AuthorThijs, Lutgarde
AuthorThuesen, Betina H
AuthorTjonneland, Anne
AuthorTolonen, Hanna K
AuthorTolstrup, Janne S
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AuthorTopór-Madry, Roman
AuthorTormo, María José
AuthorTorrent, Maties
AuthorTraissac, Pierre
AuthorTrichopoulos, Dimitrios
AuthorTrichopoulou, Antonia
AuthorTrinh, Oanh T H
AuthorTrivedi, Atul
AuthorTshepo, Lechaba
AuthorTulloch-Reid, Marshall K
AuthorTuomainen, Tomi-Pekka
AuthorTuomilehto, Jaakko
AuthorTurley, Maria L
AuthorTynelius, Per
AuthorTzourio, Christophe
AuthorUeda, Peter
AuthorUgel, Eunice
AuthorUlmer, Hanno
AuthorUusitalo, Hannu M T
AuthorValdivia, Gonzalo
AuthorValvi, Damaskini
Authorvan der Schouw, Yvonne T
AuthorVan Herck, Koen
Authorvan Rossem, Lenie
Authorvan Valkengoed, Irene GM
AuthorVanderschueren, Dirk
AuthorVanuzzo, Diego
AuthorVatten, Lars
AuthorVega, Tomas
AuthorVelasquez-Melendez, Gustavo
AuthorVeronesi, Giovanni
AuthorVerschuren, W M Monique
AuthorVerstraeten, Roosmarijn
AuthorVictora, Cesar G
AuthorViet, Lucie
AuthorViikari-Juntura, Eira
AuthorVineis, Paolo
AuthorVioque, Jesus
AuthorVirtanen, Jyrki K
AuthorVisvikis-Siest, Sophie
AuthorViswanathan, Bharathi
AuthorVollenweider, Peter
AuthorVoutilainen, Sari
AuthorVrdoljak, Ana
AuthorVrijheid, Martine
AuthorWade, Alisha N
AuthorWagner, Aline
AuthorWalton, Janette
AuthorMohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan
AuthorWang, Ming-Dong
AuthorWang, Qian
AuthorWang, Ya Xing
AuthorWannamethee, S Goya
AuthorWareham, Nicholas
AuthorWedderkopp, Niels
AuthorWeerasekera, Deepa
AuthorWhincup, Peter H
AuthorWidhalm, Kurt
AuthorWidyahening, Indah S
AuthorWiecek, Andrzej
AuthorWijga, Alet H
AuthorWilks, Rainford J
AuthorWilleit, Johann
AuthorWilleit, Peter
AuthorWilliams, Emmanuel A
AuthorWilsgaard, Tom
AuthorWojtyniak, Bogdan
AuthorWong, Tien Yin
AuthorWong-McClure, Roy A
AuthorWoo, Jean
AuthorWoodward, Mark
AuthorWu, Aleksander Giwercman
AuthorWu, Frederick C
AuthorWu, Shou Ling
AuthorXu, Haiquan
AuthorYan, Weili
AuthorYang, Xiaoguang
AuthorYe, Xingwang
AuthorYiallouros, Panayiotis K
AuthorYoshihara, Akihiro
AuthorYounger-Coleman, Novie O
AuthorYusoff, Ahmad F
AuthorYusoff, Muhammad Fadhli M
AuthorZambon, Sabina
AuthorZdrojewski, Tomasz
AuthorZeng, Yi
AuthorZhao, Dong
AuthorZhao, Wenhua
AuthorZheng, Yingffeng
AuthorZhu, Dan
AuthorZimmermann, Esther
AuthorZuñiga Cisneros, Julio
Available date2023-08-28T10:39:30Z
Publication Date2017-01-13
Publication NameThe Lancet
Identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31919-5
ISSN01406736
URIhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140673616319195
URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10576/46849
AbstractBackground Raised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. MethodsFor this analysis, we pooled national, subnational, or community population-based studies that had measured blood pressure in adults aged 18 years and older. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2015 in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of raised blood pressure for 200 countries. We calculated the contributions of changes in prevalence versus population growth and ageing to the increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure. FindingsWe pooled 1479 studies that had measured the blood pressures of 19·1 million adults. Global age-standardised mean systolic blood pressure in 2015 was 127·0 mm Hg (95% credible interval 125·7–128·3) in men and 122·3 mm Hg (121·0–123·6) in women; age-standardised mean diastolic blood pressure was 78·7 mm Hg (77·9–79·5) for men and 76·7 mm Hg (75·9–77·6) for women. Global age-standardised prevalence of raised blood pressure was 24·1% (21·4–27·1) in men and 20·1% (17·8–22·5) in women in 2015. Mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure decreased substantially from 1975 to 2015 in high-income western and Asia Pacific countries, moving these countries from having some of the highest worldwide blood pressure in 1975 to the lowest in 2015. Mean blood pressure also decreased in women in central and eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and, more recently, central Asia, Middle East, and north Africa, but the estimated trends in these super-regions had larger uncertainty than in high-income super-regions. By contrast, mean blood pressure might have increased in east and southeast Asia, south Asia, Oceania, and sub-Saharan Africa. In 2015, central and eastern Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, and south Asia had the highest blood pressure levels. Prevalence of raised blood pressure decreased in high-income and some middle-income countries; it remained unchanged elsewhere. The number of adults with raised blood pressure increased from 594 million in 1975 to 1·13 billion in 2015, with the increase largely in low-income and middle-income countries. The global increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure is a net effect of increase due to population growth and ageing, and decrease due to declining age-specific prevalence. InterpretationDuring the past four decades, the highest worldwide blood pressure levels have shifted from high-income countries to low-income countries in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa due to opposite trends, while blood pressure has been persistently high in central and eastern Europe. FundingWellcome Trust.
SponsorNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NHLBI, (R01HL093093); Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020, (692145); Seventh Framework Programme, FP7, (201550); Medical Research Council, MRC, (G0400491, MC_U147585827, MC_UP_A620_1014, MC_UP_A620_1015, MC_UP_A620_1016, MC_UU_12011/1, MC_UU_12011/2, MC_UU_12011/3, MC_UU_12011/4, MC_UU_12019/1, MC_UU_12026/2, MR/K006584/1, MR/L01341X/1); Economic and Social Research Council, ESRC, (ES/L007509/1); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, (15H05123, 15K08762, 15K12783)
Languageen
PublisherElsevier
SubjectBayes Theorem
Blood Pressure
Global Health
Humans
Prevalence
Risk Factors
TitleWorldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19·1 million participants
TypeArticle
Pagination37-55
Issue Number10064
Volume Number389
Open Access user License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.accessType Open Access


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