COVID-19 Lockdown: A Global Study Investigating the Effect of Athletes' Sport Classification and Sex on Training Practices
Author | Washif, Jad Adrian |
Author | Sandbakk, Oyvind |
Author | Seiler, Stephen |
Author | Haugen, Thomas |
Author | Farooq, Abdulaziz |
Author | Quarrie, Ken |
Author | Janse van Rensburg, Dina C. |
Author | Krug, Isabel |
Author | Verhagen, Evert |
Author | Wong, Del P. |
Author | Mujika, Inigo |
Author | Cortis, Cristina |
Author | Haddad, Monoem |
Author | Ahmadian, Omid |
Author | Al Jufaili, Mahmood |
Author | Al-Horani, Ramzi A. |
Author | Al-Mohannadi, Abdulla Saeed |
Author | Aloui, Asma |
Author | Ammar, Achraf |
Author | Arifi, Fitim |
Author | Aziz, Abdul Rashid |
Author | Batuev, Mikhail |
Author | Beaven, Christopher Martyn |
Author | Beneke, Ralph |
Author | Bici, Arben |
Author | Bishnoi, Pallawi |
Author | Bogwasi, Lone |
Author | Bok, Daniel |
Author | Boukhris, Omar |
Author | Boullosa, Daniel |
Author | Bragazzi, Nicola |
Author | Brito, Joao |
Author | Palacios Cartagena, Roxana Paola |
Author | Chaouachi, Anis |
Author | Cheung, Stephen S. |
Author | Chtourou, Hamdi |
Author | Cosma, Germina |
Author | Debevec, Tadej |
Author | DeLang, Matthew D. |
Author | Dellal, Alexandre |
Author | Donmez, Gurhan |
Author | Driss, Tarak |
Author | Pena Duque, Juan David |
Author | Eirale, Cristiano |
Author | Elloumi, Mohamed |
Author | Foster, Carl |
Author | Franchini, Emerson |
Author | Fusco, Andrea |
Author | Galy, Olivier |
Author | Gastin, Paul B. |
Author | Gill, Nicholas |
Author | Girard, Olivier |
Author | Gregov, Cvita |
Author | Halson, Shona |
Author | Hammouda, Omar |
Author | Hanzlikova, Ivana |
Author | Hassanmirzaei, Bahar |
Author | Hebert-Losier, Kim |
Author | Munoz Helu, Hussein |
Author | Herrera-Valenzuela, Tomas |
Author | Hettinga, Florentina J. |
Author | Holtzhausen, Louis |
Author | Hue, Olivier |
Author | Dello Iacono, Antonio |
Author | Ihalainen, Johanna K. |
Author | James, Carl |
Author | Joseph, Saju |
Author | Kamoun, Karim |
Author | Khaled, Mehdi |
Author | Khalladi, Karim |
Author | Kim, Kwang Joon |
Author | Kok, Lian-Yee |
Author | MacMillan, Lewis |
Author | Mataruna-Dos-Santos, Leonardo Jose |
Author | Matsunaga, Ryo |
Author | Memishi, Shpresa |
Author | Millet, Gregoire P. |
Author | Moussa-Chamari, Imen |
Author | Musa, Danladi Ibrahim |
Author | Nguyen, Hoang Minh Thuan |
Author | Nikolaidis, Pantelis T. |
Author | Owen, Adam |
Author | Padulo, Johnny |
Author | Pagaduan, Jeffrey Cabayan |
Author | Perera, Nirmala Panagodage |
Author | Perez-Gomez, Jorge |
Author | Pillay, Lervasen |
Author | Popa, Arporn |
Author | Pudasaini, Avishkar |
Author | Rabbani, Alizera |
Author | Rahayu, Tandiyo |
Author | Romdhani, Mohamed |
Author | Salamh, Paul |
Author | Sarkar, Abu-Sufian |
Author | Schillinger, Andy |
Author | Setyawati, Heny |
Author | Shrestha, Navina |
Author | Suraya, Fatona |
Author | Tabben, Montassar |
Author | Trabelsi, Khaled |
Author | Urhausen, Axel |
Author | Valtonen, Maarit |
Author | Weber, Johanna |
Author | Whiteley, Rodney |
Author | Zrane, Adel |
Author | Zerguini, Yacine |
Author | Zmijewski, Piotr |
Author | Ben Saad, Helmi |
Author | Pyne, David B. |
Author | Taylor, Lee |
Author | Chamari, Karim |
Available date | 2023-10-23T10:25:27Z |
Publication Date | 2022 |
Publication Name | International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance |
Resource | Scopus |
Abstract | Purpose: To investigate differences in athletes' knowledge, beliefs, and training practices during COVID-19 lockdowns with reference to sport classification and sex. This work extends an initial descriptive evaluation focusing on athlete classification. Methods: Athletes (12,526; 66% male; 142 countries) completed an online survey (May-July 2020) assessing knowledge, beliefs, and practices toward training. Sports were classified as team sports (45%), endurance (20%), power/technical (10%), combat (9%), aquatic (6%), recreational (4%), racquet (3%), precision (2%), parasports (1%), and others (1%). Further analysis by sex was performed. Results: During lockdown, athletes practiced body-weight-based exercises routinely (67% females and 64% males), ranging from 50% (precision) to 78% (parasports). More sport-specific technical skills were performed in combat, parasports, and precision (?50%) than other sports (?35%). Most athletes (range: 50% [parasports] to 75% [endurance]) performed cardiorespiratory training (trivial sex differences). Compared to prelockdown, perceived training intensity was reduced by 29% to 41%, depending on sport (largest decline: ?38% in team sports, unaffected by sex). Some athletes (range: 7%-49%) maintained their training intensity for strength, endurance, speed, plyometric, change-of-direction, and technical training. Athletes who previously trained ?5 sessions per week reduced their volume (range: 18%-28%) during lockdown. The proportion of athletes (81%) training ?60 min/session reduced by 31% to 43% during lockdown. Males and females had comparable moderate levels of training knowledge (56% vs 58%) and beliefs/attitudes (54% vs 56%). Conclusions: Changes in athletes' training practices were sport-specific, with few or no sex differences. Team-based sports were generally more susceptible to changes than individual sports. Policy makers should provide athletes with specific training arrangements and educational resources to facilitate remote and/or home-based training during lockdown-type events. 2022 Human Kinetics Publishers Inc.. All rights reserved. |
Sponsor | Pyne, Taylor, and Chamari contributed equally to this work. The COVID-19-ECBATA consortium sincerely thank all of those who supported this project, especially the athletes (respondents), and individuals who helped with dissemination of the survey, and sports organizations from >140 countries and territories worldwide. |
Language | en |
Publisher | Human Kinetics Publishers Inc. |
Subject | crowd-sourced data multinational sample online survey perception remote training |
Type | Article |
Pagination | 1242-1256 |
Issue Number | 8 |
Volume Number | 17 |
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COVID-19 Research [799 items ]
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Physical Education [84 items ]