Epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 1 in Canada: systematic review, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions
| Author | AlMukdad,Sawsan |
| Author | Harfouche,Manale |
| Author | Farooqui,Uzma S. |
| Author | Aldos,Lana |
| Author | Abu-Raddad,Laith J. |
| Available date | 2023-11-19T05:45:33Z |
| Publication Date | 2023 |
| Publication Name | Frontiers in Public Health |
| Resource | Scopus |
| ISSN | 22962565 |
| Abstract | Background: The objective of this study was to characterize herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) epidemiology in Canada. Methods: HSV-1 publications as recent as December 6, 2021 were systematically reviewed, synthesized, and reported following PRISMA guidelines. Meta-analyses and meta-regressions were conducted. Results: HSV-1 measures were extracted from 22 studies and included 32 overall seroprevalence measures (79 stratified), 2 overall proportions of HSV-1 detection in clinically diagnosed genital ulcer disease (2 stratified), and 8 overall proportions of HSV-1 detection in laboratory-confirmed genital herpes (27 stratified). Pooled mean seroprevalence was 19.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): 12.6–26.4%] among healthy children and 51.4% (95% CI: 47.3–55.5%) among healthy adults. Pooled mean seroprevalence among healthy general populations increased with age, with the lowest being 35.7% (95% CI: 29.1–42.6%) among individuals <20 years of age, and the highest being 70.0% (95% CI: 54.8–83.2) among individuals ≥40 years. Seroprevalence increased by 1.02-fold (95% CI: 1.01–1.04) per year. Pooled mean proportion of HSV-1 detection in genital ulcer disease was 30.8% (95% CI: 12.6–52.8%). Pooled mean proportion of HSV-1 detection in genital herpes was 37.4% (95% CI: 29.5–45.6%) and was highest in women and in young persons. Proportion of HSV-1 detection in genital herpes increased by 1.04-fold (95% CI: 1.00–1.08) per year. Conclusions: HSV-1 epidemiology in Canada appears to be shifting toward less oral acquisition in childhood and more genital acquisition in adulthood, particularly among youth. Both HSV-1 seroprevalence and proportion of HSV-1 detection in genital herpes are increasing with time. |
| Sponsor | The authors gratefully acknowledge Professor Emeritus Rhoda Ashley-Morrow of the University of Washington, for her support in assessing the quality of study diagnostic methods. The authors are also grateful to Adona Canlas for administrative support. This publication was made possible by NPRP grant number 9-040-3-008 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The findings achieved herein are solely the responsibility of the authors. The authors are also grateful for pilot funding by the Biomedical Research Program and infrastructure support provided by the Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Biomathematics Research Core, both at Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar. |
| Language | en |
| Publisher | Frontiers Media SA |
| Subject | Canada genital ulcer disease herpes meta-analysis meta-regression prevalence seroprevalence |
| Type | Article Review |
| Volume Number | 11 |
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