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المؤلفSankaran, Rajendran
المؤلفAl-Khayat, Jassim A.
المؤلفJ, Aravinth
المؤلفChatting, Mark Edward
المؤلفSadooni, Fadhil N.
المؤلفAl-Kuwari, Hamad Al Saad
تاريخ الإتاحة2024-01-27T20:52:58Z
تاريخ النشر2023-12-15
اسم المنشورScience of the Total Environment
المعرّفhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166875
الاقتباسSankaran, R., Al-Khayat, J. A., Aravinth, J., Chatting, M. E., Sadooni, F. N., & Al-Kuwari, H. A. S. (2023). Retrieval of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in the Arabian Gulf water of arid region by Sentinel-2 data. Science of the Total Environment, 904, 166875.‏
الرقم المعياري الدولي للكتاب00489697
معرّف المصادر الموحدhttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85170259687&origin=inward
معرّف المصادر الموحدhttp://hdl.handle.net/10576/51188
الملخصSuspended sediment concentration (SSC) in water increases temperature and turbidity, limits the photosynthesis of aquatic plants, and reduces biologically available oxygen. It is important to study SSC in the coastal waters of the Arabian Gulf. Thus, this study mapped the SSC of coastal water between Al Arish and Al Ghariyah in northern Qatar using the spectral bands of the MultiSpectral Imager (MSI) of Sentinel-2 by calculating the Normalized Difference Suspended Sediment Index and Normalized Suspended Material Index. The results are studied using the Normalized Difference Turbidity Index and Modified Normalized Difference Water Index. The mapping of SSC in the water using NDSSI showed the presence of a high concentration of suspended sediments between Al Arish and Al Mafjar and a low concentration between Al Mafjar and Al Ghariyah. The mapping of NSMI showed values between 0.012 (clear water) and 0.430 (more suspended material) for the occurrence of suspended materials and supported the results of NDSSI. The study of turbidity using an NDTI image showed turbidity index values ranging from −0.44 (clear water) to 0.12 (high turbidity) and confirmed the occurrence and distribution of suspended sediments and materials in the water. The MNDWI image was able to discriminate clear water with bright pixels from silty sand and mud flats. The relationships between NDSSI, NSMI, and NDTI were correlated with in-situ measurements and studied to find suitable indices to map SSC. Regression analyses showed the strongest relationship between NSMI and NDTI (R2 = 0.95) next to NDSSI and NDTI, where NDTI had the strongest effect on NDSSI (R2 = 0.86). The satellite data results were evaluated by studying the physical parameters and spatial distribution of suspended sediments in the surface and bottom waters. In addition, the grain size distributions, mineral identification, and chemical element concentrations in the bottom sediment samples were studied.
راعي المشروعThis study is supported by Qatar University Grant no. QUEX-ESC-QAFCO-20/21-1 . The Copernicus, European Space Agency is thanked for sharing the Sentinel-2 data through the sentinel open access hub ( https://sentinel.esa.int/web/sentinel/sentinel-data-access ). Mr. Fahad Syed Asim, Mr. Faisal Muthar Al-Quaiti, and Mr. Reyniel M. Gasang are thanked for their support in the fieldwork. The sediment samples for different analyses are organized by Ms.Thoraya Haidar S A ِAlyafei. The grain size analysis is carried out by Ms. Amal Ahmed Ibrahim Ismail. Mr. Abdulla Al Ashraf, CAM is thanked for the XRD analysis of samples. Mr. Caesar Flonasca Sorino, Mr. Hamood Abdulla Alsaadi, and Ms. Marwa Mustufa Al-Azhari have analyzed major and trace element concentrations of sediment samples. The authors are thankful to Prof. Wei Ouyang, the Associate Editor and anonymous reviewers of the journal for the valuable reviews, providing comments and suggestions that have helped to present the work lucidly.
اللغةen
الناشرElsevier B.V.
الموضوعArabian Gulf
Gulf water
Qatar
Sentinel-2
Spectral indices
Suspended sediment concentration
العنوانRetrieval of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in the Arabian Gulf water of arid region by Sentinel-2 data
النوعArticle
رقم المجلد904
dc.accessType Open Access


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