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AuthorLetourneau, Ian D
AuthorAbate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis
AuthorAbdelmasseh, Michael
AuthorAbu-Gharbieh, Eman
AuthorAdane, Tigist Demssew
AuthorAhinkorah, Bright Opoku
AuthorAhmad, Aqeel
AuthorAhmadi, Ali
AuthorAhmed, Ayman
AuthorAlhalaiqa, Fadwa Naji
AuthorAl-Sabah, Salman Khalifah
AuthorAl-Worafi, Yaser Mohammed
AuthorAmu, Hubert
AuthorAndrei, Catalina Liliana
AuthorAnoushiravani, Amir
AuthorArabloo, Jalal
AuthorAravkin, Aleksandr Y
AuthorAshraf, Tahira
AuthorAzadnajafabad, Sina
AuthorBaghcheghi, Nayereh
AuthorBagherieh, Sara
AuthorBantie, Berihun Bantie
AuthorBardhan, Mainak
AuthorBasile, Guido
AuthorBayleyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew
AuthorBehnoush, Amir Hossein
AuthorBekele, Alehegn
AuthorBhojaraja, Vijayalakshmi S
AuthorBijani, Ali
AuthorBiondi, Antonio
AuthorBurkart, Katrin
AuthorChu, Dinh-Toi
AuthorChukwu, Isaac Sunday
AuthorCruz-Martins, Natalia
AuthorDai, Xiaochen
AuthorDemessa, Berecha Hundessa
AuthorDhali, Arkadeep
AuthorDiaz, Daniel
AuthorDo, Thanh Chi
AuthorDodangeh, Milad
AuthorDongarwar, Deepa
AuthorDsouza, Haneil Larson
AuthorEkholuenetale, Michael
AuthorEkundayo, Temitope Cyrus
AuthorEl Sayed, Iman
AuthorElhadi, Muhammed
AuthorFagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis
AuthorFakhradiyev, Ildar Ravisovich
AuthorFerrara, Pietro
AuthorFetensa, Getahun
AuthorFischer, Florian
AuthorGebrehiwot, Mesfin
AuthorGetachew, Melaku
AuthorGolechha, Mahaveer
AuthorGupta, Vivek Kumar
AuthorHabib, Joseph R
AuthorHadi, Najah R
AuthorHaep, Nils
AuthorHaile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher
AuthorHamilton, Erin B
AuthorHasan, Ikramul
AuthorHasani, Hamidreza
AuthorHassanzadeh, Sara
AuthorHaubold, Johannes
AuthorHay, Simon I
AuthorHayat, Khezar
AuthorIlesanmi, Olayinka Stephen
AuthorInamdar, Sumant
AuthorIwu, Chidozie C D
AuthorIyasu, Assefa N
AuthorJayarajah, Umesh
AuthorJayaram, Shubha
AuthorJokar, Mohammad
AuthorJomehzadeh, Nabi
AuthorJoseph, Abel
AuthorJoseph, Nitin
AuthorJoshua, Charity Ehimwenma
AuthorKabir, Ali
AuthorKandel, Himal
AuthorKauppila, Joonas H
AuthorKemp Bohan, Phillip M.
AuthorKhajuria, Himanshu
AuthorKhan, Maseer
AuthorKhatatbeh, Haitham
AuthorKim, Min Seo
AuthorKisa, Adnan
AuthorKompani, Farzad
AuthorKoohestani, Hamid Reza
AuthorKumar, Rakesh
AuthorLe, Thao Thi Thu
AuthorLee, Munjae
AuthorLee, Seung Won
AuthorLi, Ming-Chieh
AuthorLim, Stephen S
AuthorLo, Chun-Han
AuthorLunevicius, Raimundas
AuthorMalhotra, Kashish
AuthorMaugeri, Andrea
AuthorMediratta, Rishi P
AuthorMeretoja, Tuomo J
AuthorMestrovic, Tomislav
AuthorMirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad
AuthorMohamed, Nouh Saad
AuthorMokdad, Ali H
AuthorMonasta, Lorenzo
AuthorMoni, Mohammad Ali
AuthorMoradi, Maryam
AuthorMougin, Vincent
AuthorMukoro, George Duke
AuthorMurillo-Zamora, Efren
AuthorMurray, Christopher J L
AuthorNaimzada, Mukhammad David
AuthorNajmuldeen, Hastyar Hama Rashid
AuthorNatto, Zuhair S
AuthorNegoi, Ionut
AuthorNguyen, Hien Quang
AuthorNikolouzakis, Taxiarchis Konstantinos
AuthorOlufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa
AuthorPadubidri, Jagadish Rao
AuthorPandey, Ashok
AuthorParikh, Romil R
AuthorPham, Hoang Tran
AuthorPollok, Richard Charles G
AuthorRahimi, Mehran
AuthorRahimi-Movaghar, Vafa
AuthorRahman, Mosiur
AuthorRahmani, Shayan
AuthorRashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi
AuthorRawaf, Salman
AuthorRickard, Jennifer
AuthorRouientan, Hamidreza
AuthorRoy, Simanta
AuthorSaddik, Basema Ahmad
AuthorSaeed, Umar
AuthorSaleh, Mohamed A
AuthorSalehi, Sana
AuthorSamy, Abdallah M
AuthorSanabria, Juan
AuthorSankararaman, Senthilkumar
AuthorSchumacher, Austin E
AuthorSenthilkumaran, Subramanian
AuthorShah, Pritik A
AuthorShool, Sina
AuthorSibhat, Migbar Mekonnen
AuthorSidamo, Negussie Boti
AuthorSingh, Jasvinder A
AuthorSocea, Bogdan
AuthorSolomon, Yonatan
AuthorSreeram, Saraswathy
AuthorTabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad
AuthorTan, Ker-Kan
AuthorTavangar, Seyed Mohammad
AuthorTefera, Yibekal Manaye
AuthorThomas, Nikhil Kenny
AuthorTicoalu, Jansje Henny Vera
AuthorTsegay, Guesh Mebrahtom
AuthorTsegaye, Dejen
AuthorUllah, Sana
AuthorUsman, Abachebissa Nuru
AuthorValizadeh, Rohollah
AuthorVeroux, Massimiliano
AuthorVerras, Georgios-Ioannis
AuthorVos, Theo
AuthorWang, Mei
AuthorWang, Song
AuthorWickramasinghe, Dakshitha Praneeth
AuthorYahya, Galal
AuthorZare, Iman
AuthorZarrintan, Armin
AuthorZhang, Zhi-Jiang
AuthorDirac, M Ashworth
Available date2024-08-04T04:52:06Z
Publication Date2024-07-17
Publication NameThe Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(24)00157-2
ISSN24681253
URIhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468125324001572
URIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10576/57391
AbstractBackgroundAppendicitis is a common surgical emergency that poses a large clinical and economic burden. Understanding the global burden of appendicitis is crucial for evaluating unmet needs and implementing and scaling up intervention services to reduce adverse health outcomes. This study aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the global, regional, and national burden of appendicitis, by age and sex, from 1990 to 2021. MethodsVital registration and verbal autopsy data, the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm), and demographic estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) were used to estimate cause-specific mortality rates (CSMRs) for appendicitis. Incidence data were extracted from insurance claims and inpatient discharge sources and analysed with disease modelling meta-regression, version 2.1 (DisMod-MR 2.1). Years of life lost (YLLs) were estimated by combining death counts with standard life expectancy at the age of death. Years lived with disability (YLDs) were estimated by multiplying incidence estimates by an average disease duration of 2 weeks and a disability weight for abdominal pain. YLLs and YLDs were summed to estimate disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). FindingsIn 2021, the global age-standardised mortality rate of appendicitis was 0·358 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 0·311–0·414) per 100 000. Mortality rates ranged from 1·01 (0·895–1·13) per 100 000 in central Latin America to 0·054 (0·0464–0·0617) per 100 000 in high-income Asia Pacific. The global age-standardised incidence rate of appendicitis in 2021 was 214 (174–274) per 100 000, corresponding to 17 million (13·8–21·6) new cases. The incidence rate was the highest in high-income Asia Pacific, at 364 (286–475) per 100 000 and the lowest in western sub-Saharan Africa, at 81·4 (63·9–109) per 100 000. The global age-standardised rates of mortality, incidence, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs due to appendicitis decreased steadily between 1990 and 2021, with the largest reduction in mortality and YLL rates. The global annualised rate of decline in the DALY rate was greatest in children younger than the age of 10 years. Although mortality rates due to appendicitis decreased in all regions, there were large regional variations in the temporal trend in incidence. Although the global age-standardised incidence rate of appendicitis has steadily decreased between 1990 and 2021, almost half of GBD regions saw an increase of greater than 10% in their age-standardised incidence rates. InterpretationSlow but promising progress has been observed in reducing the overall burden of appendicitis in all regions. However, there are important geographical variations in appendicitis incidence and mortality, and the relationship between these measures suggests that many people still do not have access to quality health care. As the incidence of appendicitis is rising in many parts of the world, countries should prepare their health-care infrastructure for timely, high-quality diagnosis and treatment. Given the risk that improved diagnosis may counterintuitively drive apparent rising trends in incidence, these efforts should be coupled with improved data collection, which will also be crucial for understanding trends and developing targeted interventions. FundingBill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
SponsorFunding was provided by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1152504).
Languageen
SubjectGlobal Burden of Disease Study 2021
national burden of appendicitis
surgical emergency
TitleTrends and levels of the global, regional, and national burden of appendicitis between 1990 and 2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
TypeArticle
Open Access user License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.accessType Open Access


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