مواقف الدارسين العرب المعاصرين من نشأة التوقيعات وعروبتها

Abstract

The present paper examines the position of scholars on the Arab system of "what is known as "Al-Tawqi" which emerged in the early Islamic Period. It also examines the relationship between the system in question and its Persian counterpart which was prevalent during the Sasanite Period. The paper analyses two opposing views on "Al-Tawqi" system: the evidence given by scholars who claim that the system was initiated by the Persians and those who claim that it was of Arabic origin. The writer takes a middle position with regard to the two views. He claims that "Al-Tawqi" system was originally developed in a pure Arabic context but was later influenced by the Persians, especially during the Abbasid Era which marked the pervalence of Persian influence on the Islamic Caliphate.