Bait Al-Maqdis within a historical and archaelogical context until the end of the Uamyyad period

Abstract

This paper concentrates on three main points: a) The City of al-Quds is An Arab - Islamic City for 5000 years. It was founded by the Arab Canaanites. Archaeological and Historical evidence, such as Egyptian sources, the Execration Text, Tell al-Amarna Tablets as well as the Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian sources, clearly. Show this fact. b) Moslem and Christian historical and geographical sources emphasise the religious, historical, economic, cultural and political Status of Bait al - Maqdis. The architectural elements such as the Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock passed through restoration and reservation activities under the Moslem rules ever since the inception of the Islamic State, 1500 years ago, al-Quds has not fallen to foreigners during the Moslem rules except in the Frank Period. In for thirty years modern time it has been under Israeli occupation. c) Archaeological excavations conducted by Israeli scholars in the South-West corner of the Haram al-Sharif Area indicate, without doubt, that there is no evidence of the presence of the so-called Solomon Temple. Furthermore, all the archaeological findings, such as pottery, coins, and architecture point to the Islamic architectural character which is reflected in the Umayyad palaces in Bilad al-Sham (Syria, Palestine, Lebanon and Jordan).