• A Modified Layer of Protection Analysis for Cyber-Physical Systems Security 

      Tantawy, Ashraf; Erradi, Abdelkarim; Abdelwahed, Sherif ( Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2019 , Conference Paper)
      Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) is the most commonly used approach for quantitative safety risk assessment in the process control industry to protect a Cyber- Physical System (CPS) from accidental hazards-causing ...
    • Cyber LOPA: An Integrated Approach for the Design of Dependable and Secure Cyber-Physical Systems 

      Tantawy, Ashraf; Abdelwahed, Sherif; Erradi, Abdelkarim ( Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. , 2022 , Article)
      Safety risk assessment is an essential process to ensure a dependable cyber-physical system (CPS) design. Traditional risk assessment considers only physical failures. For modern CPSs, failures caused by cyber attacks are ...